Chromate, inorganic salts

By far the largest use of arsenic is in treating wood to prevent decay or insect damage. Several compounds are used, but the vast majority of wood is treated with a pesticide called chromated copper arsenate (CCA). CCA is a water-based mixture of inorganic salts of chromium, copper, and arsenic that is forced into the wood... 

Water-soluble inorganic salts acid copper chromate ammoniacal copper arsenite chromated copper arsenate chromated zinc chloride fluor chrome arsenate phenol... 

Perhaps the most extensive area of research in simple pretreatment systems to enhance the weathering properties of wood has involved application of inorganic salt solutions. Much of the early work in this field was undertaken at the U.S. Forest Products Laboratory in Madison, Wisconsin and was aimed at improving the performance of transparent finishes. Black [25] described an experimental chromate-based wood finish and Black and Mraz [26] discovered that both acid and ammoniacal-copper chromate treatments significantly improved the performance of clear finishes on western red cedar, redwood (Sequoia sempervirens), and Douglas fir plywood. Later research [27] demon-... 

Water-borne solutions of inorganic salts are also used. These have the advantages over the oils of greater ease of penetration and freedom from fire hazards and odor. The disadvantage is that they cause swelling and some react with metal. The primary preservative used is chromated zinc chloride. Other typical salts used are as follows ... 

The inhibition of metal corrosion in industrial water systems was first achieved by the use of inorganic salts or their blends, including chromates (Evans, 1936 Mayne and Pryor, 1949), nitrites (Hatch, 1952), phosphates (Patterson and Jones, 1952), borates (Mercer, 1990), silicates (Lehrman and Shuldenen, 1952), zinc salts (Hatch, 1965 a) and other cations (Hinton, 1989). Additionally, chromates and nitrites were mainly applied, and from the end of the 1950s the use of polyphosphates increased (May et al., 1981 Hwa, 1971). Treatments with anodic inhibitors such as nitrites or chromates require a high initial dose and a relatively high continuous dose in order to achieve an effective passive layer on the metal surface. The concentration of chromate and nitrite can be decreased in the presence of polyphosphates and zinc ions. 

A major concern when remediating wood-treatment sites is that pentachlorophenol was often used in combination with metal salts, and these compounds, such as chromated copper—arsenate, are potent inhibitors of at least some pentachlorophenol degrading organisms (49). Sites with significant levels of such inorganics may not be suitable candidates for bioremediation. 

Other salts include lead arsenates and lead arsenites (see Insect control technology), lead chromates and lead sihcochromates (see Pigments), lead cyanide (see Cyanides), lead 2-ethyIhexanoate (see Driers and metallic soaps), and lead fluoroborate (see Fluorine compounds, inorganic). 

Skin Inorganic acids (chromic, nitric) organic acids (acetic, butyric) inorganic alkalis (sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate) organic bases (amines) organic solvents. Dusts Detergents salts (nickel sulphate, zinc chloride) acids, alkalis, chromates. ... 

Aside from these three classes (species with unfilled inner subshells, with unpaired electrons, or with two different oxidation states of the same element), there are a number of colored inorganic substances about which generalizations may be set up only with difficulty. Among these are many of the elementary nonmetals, a large number of covalent salts (such as mercuric iodide, cadmium sulfide, silver phosphate and lithium nitride), a number of nonmetal halides (iodine monochloride, selenium tetrachloride, antimony tri-iodide, etc.), and the colored ions, chromate, permanganate, and Ce(H20) v, whose central atoms presumably have rare-gas structures. 

Catalysts, chemical Cerium salts Cerium metal Charcoal, activated Chlorosulfonic acid Chromates and bichromates Chromic acid Chromium compounds, inorganic Chromium salts Cobalt 60 (radioactive)... 

Inorganic compounds Heavy metals, salts, cyanide, chromate, fertilizers Metal working, mining, leather production, towns and villages, agriculture, landfills... 

Inorganic anodic and mixed Cl present water-soluble salts of ammonium, alkali (sodium, potassium), alkaline-earth (calcium, strontium, magnesium, barium) and other (zinc, lead) metals containing active anions in their molecules (nitrates, nitrites, chromates, carbonates, phosphates, molybdates, silicates). ... 

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