Pentachlorophenol degradation

A major concern when remediating wood-treatment sites is that pentachlorophenol was often used in combination with metal salts, and these compounds, such as chromated copper—arsenate, are potent inhibitors of at least some pentachlorophenol degrading organisms (49). Sites with significant levels of such inorganics may not be suitable candidates for bioremediation. 

Stanlake GJ, RK Finn (1982) Isolation and characterization of a pentachlorophenol-degrading bacterium. Appl Environ Microbiol 44 1421-1427. 

Topp E, RL Crawford, RS Hanson (1988) Influence of readily metabolizable carbon on pentachlorophe-nol metabolism by a pentachlorophenol-degrading Flavobacterium sp. Appl Environ Microbiol 54 2452-2459. 

Although the results of experiments on the dechlorination of pentachlorophenol (Bryant et al. 1991) enabled elucidation of the pathways to be elucidated, this study also revealed one of the limitations in the use of such procedures. Detailed interpretation of the kinetics of pentachlorophenol degradation using dichlorophenol-adapted cultures was equivocal due to carryover of phenol from the sediment slurries. 

Cai M, L Xun (2002) Organization and regulation of pentachlorophenol-degrading genes in Sphingobium chlorophenolicum ATCC 39723. J Bacteriol 184 4672-4680. 

Chanama S, RL Crawford (1997) Mutational analysis of pcpA and its role in pentachlorophenol degradation by Sphingomonas (Flavobacterium) chlorophenolica ATCC39723. Appl Environ Microbiol 63 4833-4838. 

Dai M, JB Rogers, JR Warner, SD Copley (2003) A previously unrecognized step in pentachlorophenol degradation in Sphingobium chlorophenolicum is catalyzed by tetrachlorobenzoquinone reductase (PcpD). J Bacteriol 185 302-310. 

Brandt, S., Zeng, A.P., and Deckwer, W.D., Adsorption capacity as a key parameter for enzyme induction and pentachlorophenol degradation in Mycobacterium chlorophenolicum PCP-1, Biotechnol. Bioeng., 65, 93-99, 1999. 

Pentachlorophenol degraded in anaerobic sludge to 3,4,5-trichlorophenol, which was reduced to 3,5-dichlorophenol (Mikesell and Boyd, 1985). In activated sludge, only 0.2% of the applied amount was mineralized to carbon dioxide after 5 d (Freitag et al., 1985). 

Melcer and Bedford (1988) studied the fate of pentachlorophenol in municipal activated sludge reactor systems that were operated at solids retention times of 10 to 20 d and hydraulic retention times of 120 d. Under these conditions, pentachlorophenol concentrations decreased from 0.1 and 12 mg/L to <10 pg/L. At solids retention times of 5 d or less, pentachlorophenol degradation was incomplete. 

Lange, C. (1994). Molecular analysis of pentachlorophenol degradation by Flavobacterium sp. strain ATCC 39723. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Idaho. 

Stormo, K. E. Crawford, R. L. (1993). Pentachlorophenol degradation by microencapsulated Flavobacteria and their enhanced survival for in situ aquifer bioremediation. In Applied Biotechnology for Site Remediation, ed. R. Hinchee et al., pp. 422—7. Boca Raton, FL Lewis Publishers. 

Briglia, M., Nurmiaho-Lassila, E.L., Vallini, G. Salkinoja-Salonen, M. (1990). The survival of pentachlorophenol-degrading Rhodococcus chlorophenolicus and Flavobacterium sp. in natural soil. Biodegradation, 1, 273-81. 

Resnick,S. M. Chapman, P. J. (1994). Physiological properties of substrate specificity ofa pentachlorophenol-degrading Pseudomonas sp. Biodegradation, 5, 47-54. 

Gu, Y. Korus, R. A. (1995). Kinetics of pentachlorophenol degradation ey a Flavobacterium species. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 43, 374-8. 

Topp, E. Hanson, R.S. (1990b). Factors influencing the survival and activity of a pentachlorophenol-degrading Flavobacterium sp. in soil slurries. CanadianJournal of Soil Science, 70, 83-91. 

Brown, E.J., J.J. Pignatello, M.M. Martinson, and R.L. Crawford. 1986. Pentachlorophenol degradation — a pure bacterial culture and an epilithic microbial consortium. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 52 92-97. 

Steiert, J.G., W.J. Thoma, K. Ugurbil, and R.L. Crawford. 1988. 31P nuclear magnetic resonance studies of effects of some chlorophenols on Escherichia coli and a pentachlorophenol-degrading bacterium. J. Bacteriol. 170 4954—4957. 

McCarthy, D.L., A.A. Claude, and S.D. Copley. 1997. In vivo levels of chlorinsted hydroquinones in a pentachlorophenol-degrading bacterium. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 63 1883-1888. 

Work by Boule et a. (21, 22) and Wong and Crosby (23) have provided information on the photodecomposition products of chlorophe-nols. In the case of pentachlorophenol degradation products included tetrachlorophenols, trichlorophenols, chlorinated dihydroxy benzenes, and nonaromatic fragments such as dichloromaleic acid (23). Other than CO2 which came from photo-mineralization, we did not attempt to identify the products of pentachlorophenol decomposition in our experiments. Boule (22) found that 2,4-dichlorophenol... 

Tartakovsky B, Manuel MF, Beaimiier D, Greer CW, Guiot SR (2001) Enhanced selection of anaerobic pentachlorophenol-degrading consortium. Biotechnol Bioeng... 

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