Choices regulations

Risk by Choice Regulating Health and Safety in the Workplace. Cambridge, MA Harvard University Press. 

Because branched ketones and aromatic hydrocarbons are used for their cost/performance benefits, they became the solvents of choice for many apphcations. Numerous solvent systems had to be reformulated to comply with Rule 66. This usually meant an increase in cost, sometimes accompanied by performance degradation. Rule 66-type regulations were adopted in many other states and cities as well. Federal specifications for coatings and many other solvent-containing materials also incorporate Rule 66 requirements. 

The reduction ia tetraethyl lead for gasoline production is expected to iacrease the demand for petroleum alkylate both ia the U.S. and abroad. Alkylate producers have a choice of either a hydrofluoric acid or sulfuric acid process. Both processes are widely used. However, concerns over the safety or potential regulation of hydrofluoric acid seem likely to convince more refiners to use the sulfuric acid process for future alkylate capacity. 

Chromium Removal System. Chlorate manufacturers must remove chromium from the chlorate solution as a result of environmental regulations. During crystallization of sodium chlorate, essentially all of the sodium dichromate is recycled back to the electrolyzer. Alternatively, hexavalent chromium, Cr, can be reduced and coprecipitated in an agitated reactor using a choice of reducing agents, eg, sodium sulfide, sulfite, thiosulfate, hydrosulfite, hydrazine, etc. The product is chromium(III) oxide [1333-82-0] (98—106). Ion exchange and solvent extraction techniques have also... 

Color Properties Required. Colorants must be chosen to permit formulation of a coating that can meet performance requirements such as exterior durability and resistance to solvents, chemicals, and heat. Health and safety regulations may also affect colorant choice. 

Furthermore, increased governmental scmtiny of chemical substances will make it more difficult to bring a new product to market. The choice of comonomers and copolymers maybe based pardy on EPA, EDA, OSHA, and TSCA rulings. In addition to these regulations, the thmst toward recycling polymers is expected to impact copolymer production. The abiUty to recover and reprocess these materials will be a key factor for economic success. 

MI Cables (mineral insulated cables. Fig. 10-181) are the electric heat tracers of choice for high-temperature applications. High-temperature applications are generally considered to maintain temperatures above 250°F or exposure temperatures above 420°F where self-regulating heaters cannot be used. MI cable consists of one or two heating wires, magnesium oxide insulation (from whence it gets its... 

Transportation is often an important part of produc t cost. Bulk transportation may provide significant savings. When there is a choice between two or more forms of transportation, the competition may result in rate reduc tion. Transportation is subject to considerable regulation, which will be discussed in some detail under specific headings. 

The choice of the type of drive would depend upon the degree of. speed regulation required by the process. 

Anodes that fall can produce sparks, depending on the rriaterial. For this reason the choice of anodes for tankers is governed by certain regulations (see Section 17.4). 

Almost all common metals and structural steels are liable to corrode in seawater. Regulations have to be followed in the proper choice of materials [16], In addition, there is a greater risk of corrosion in mixed constructions consisting of different metals on account of the good conductivity of seawater. The electrochemical series in seawater (see Table 2-4), the surface area rule [Eq. (2-44)] and the geometrical arrangement of the structural components serve to assess the possibility of bimetallic corrosion (see Section 2.2.4.2 and Ref. 17). Moreover the polarization resistances have considerable influence [see Eq. (2-43)]. The standards on bimetallic corrosion provide a survey [16,17]. 

Silyl ethers are among the most frequently used protective groups for the alcohol function. This stems largely from the fact that their reactivity (both formation and cleavage) can be modulated by a suitable choice of substituents on the silicon atom. Both steric and electronic effects are the basic controlling elements that regulate the ease of cleavage in multiply functionalized substrates. In plan-... 

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