Photocatalytic degradation

Variation of the TCE removal efficiency in the reactant gas stream as a fimcticxi of the time in the fluidized-bed photoieactor is shown in Fig. 4. At the optimal gas velodty (U mf= 2) with an inlet TCE concentration (100-150 ppmv), a steady state opeation wiflr a 99% removal efficioicy was maintained for 50 hours. After a termination of the operation, a yellowidi discoloration of the Ti02/Si02 was observed due to an accumulation of the by-products which were produced during flie photocatalytic degradation of the TCE. 

Baretto RD, KA Gray, K Anders (1995) Photocatalytic degradation of methyl-ferf-butyl ether in TiOj slurries a proposed reaction scheme Water Res 29 1243-1248. 

Hung C-H, BJ Marinas (1997) Role of chlorine and oxygen in the photocatalytic degradation of trichloroethylene vapor on TiOj films. Environ Sci Technol 31 562-568. 

Pelizzetti E, V Maurino, C Minero, V Carlin, E Pramauro, O Zerbinati, ML Tosata (1990) Photocatalytics degradation of atrazine and other 5-triazine herbicides. Environ Sci Technol 24 1559-1565. 

Anandan S, Sathish Kumar P, Pugazhenthiran N, Madhavan J, Maruthamuthu P (2008) Effect of loaded silver nanoparticles on Ti02 for photocatalytic degradation of Acid Red 88. Solar Energy Mater Solar Cells 92 929-937... 

Sathish Kumar P, Sivakumar R, Anandan S, Madhavan J, Maruthamuthu P, Ashokkumar M (2008) Photocatalytic degradation of Acid Red 88 using Au-Ti02 nanoparticles in aqueous solutions. Water Res 42 4878 -884... 

Chen Y-C, Smimiotis P (2002) Enhancement of photocatalytic degradation of phenol and chlorophenols by ultrasound. Ind Eng Chem Res 41 5958-5965... 

Augugliaro V, Baiocchi C, Prevot AB, Garcia-Lopez E, Loddo V, Malato S, Marci G, Palmisano L, Pazzi M, Pramauro E (2002) Azo-dyes photocatalytic degradation in aqueous suspension of Ti02 under solar irradiation. Chemosphere 49 1223-1230... 

Tang WZ, An H (1995) Photocatalytic degradation kinetics and mechanism of acid blue 40 by UV/Ti02 in aqueous solution. Chemosphere 31 4171-4183... 

Mirkhani V, Tangestaninejad S, Habibi MH, Rostami-Vartooni A (2009) Photocatalytic degradation of azo dyes catalyzed by Ag doped Ti02 photocatalyst. J Iran Chem Soc 6(3) 578-587... 

Sakthivel, S., Neppolian, B., Shankar, M.V., Arabindoo, B., Palanichamy, M. andMurugesan, V. (2003) Solar photocatalytic degradation of azo dye comparison of photocatalytic efficiency of ZnO and Ti02. Solar Energy Mater. Solar Cells, 77 (1), 65-82. 

Kislov, N., Lahiri, J., Verma, H., Goswami, D.Y., Stefanakos. E., and Batzill.M. (2009) Photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange over single crystalline ZnO orientation dependence of photoactivity and photostability of ZnO. Langmuir, 25 (5), 3310-3315. 

Demeestere, K., Dewulf, J., Ohno, T., Salgado, P.H., and Van Langenhove, H. (2005) Visible light mediated photocatalytic degradation of gaseous trichloroethylene and dimethyl sulfideonmodified titanium dioxide. Applied Catalysis B Environmental,... 

Patsoura, A., Kondarides, D.I., and Verykios, X.E. (2007) Photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants with simultaneous production of hydrogen. Catalysis Today, 124 (3-4), 94-102. 

This section covers environmental applications of nanomaterials insofar as they are directly applied to the pollutant of interest. The photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants and remediation of polluted soils and water are discussed here. The high surface areas and photocatalytic activities of semiconductor nanomaterials have attracted many researchers. Semiconductor nanomaterials are commercially available, stable, and relatively nontoxic and cheap. Prominent examples that are discussed are metal oxides such as Ti02 and ZnO and a variety of Fe-based nanomaterials. 

Akpan, U.G. and Hameed, B.H. (2009) Parameters affecting the photocatalytic degradation of dyes using Ti02-based photocatalysts a review. Journal of Hazardous materials, 170, 520-529. 

Aarthi, T. and Madras, G. (2007) Photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine dyes with nano-Ti02. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 46, 7-14. 

Kato, S., Hirano, Y., Iwata, M., Sano, T., Takeuchi, K. and Matsuzawa, S. (2005) Photocatalytic degradation of gaseous sulfur compounds by silver-deposited titanium dioxide. Applied Catalysis B Environmental, 57, 109-115. 

Ng, S.P. (2007) Visible-light-assisted photocatalytic degradation of gaseous formaldehyde by parallel-plate reactor coated with Cr ion-implanted Ti02 thin film. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 91, 54-61. 

Venkatachalam, N., Palanichamy, M., Arabindoo, B. and Murugesan, V. (2007) Enhanced photocatalytic degradation of 4-chlorophenol by Zr4 + doped nano Ti02. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A Chemical, 266, 158-165. 

Hariharan, C. (2006) Photocatalytic degradation of organic contaminants in water by ZnO nanoparticles revisited. Applied Catalysis A General, 304, 55-61. 

Comparelli, R., Fanizza, E., Curri, M.L., Cozzoli, P.D., Mascolo, G. and Agostiano, A. (2005) UV-induced photocatalytic degradation of azo dyes by organic-capped ZnO nanocrystals immobilized onto substrates. Applied Catalysis B Environmental, 60, 1—11. 

Jang, Y.J., Simer, C. and Ohm, T. (2006) Comparison of zinc oxide nanoparticles and its nano-crystalline particles on the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue. Materials Research Bulletin, 41,67-77. 

Sobana, N. and Swaminafhan, M. (2007) The effect of operational parameters on the photocatalytic degradation of Acid Red 18 by ZnO. Separation and Purification Technology, 56, 101-107. 

Behnajady, M.A., Modirshahla, N., Daneshvar, N. and Rabbani, M. (2007) Photocatalytic degradation of C.I. Acid Red 27 by immobilized ZnO on glass plates in continuous-mode. Journal of Hazardous materials, 140, 257-263. 

Peng, F., Wang, H., Yu, H. and Chen, S. (2006) Preparation of aluminum foil-supported nano-sized ZnO thin films and its photocatalytic degradation to phenol under visible light irradiation. Materials Research Bulletin, 41, 2123-2129. 

Anandan, S., Vinu, A., Mori, T., Gokulakrishnan, N., Srinivasu, P., Murugesan, V. and Ariga, K. (2007) Photocatalytic degradation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol using lanthanum doped ZnO in aqueous suspension. Catalysis Communications, 8, 1377-1382. 

Ziemianska J, Adamek E, Sobczak A, Lipska I, Makowski A, Baran W (2010) The study of photocatalytic degradation of sulfonamides applied to municipal wastewater. Physicochem Probl Miner Process 45 127-140... 

Modestov A., Glezer V., Maryasin I., Lev O. Photocatalytic degradation of chlorinated phenoxyacetic acids by a new buoyant titania - exfoliated graphite composite photocatalyst. J Phys Chem B 1997 101 4623-9. 

Mills G, Hoffmann MR (1993) Photocatalytic degradation of pentachlorophenol on Ti02 particles identification of intermediates and mechanism of reaction. Environ Sci Technol 27 1681-1689... 

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