Chlorides chlorination

U.S. demand for [CIHOROCARBONSANDCIHOROHYDROCARBONS - SURVEY] (Vol 5) Methyl chloride chlorination... 

Many chlorinated hydrocarbons react readily with aluminum in the so-caHed bleeding reaction. A red aluminum chloride—chlorinated hydrocarbon complex is formed. Storage of uninhibited chlorinated solvents in aluminum vessels results in corrosion in a short period of time. Proprietary organic inhibitors permit commercial use of reactive solvents such as 1,1,1-trichloroethane and trichloroethylene for cleaning of aluminum. 

Chloroform slowly decomposes on prolonged exposure to sunlight in the presence or absence of air and in the dark in the presence of air. The products of oxidative breakdown include phosgene, hydrogen chloride, chlorine, carbon dioxide, and water. At 290°C, chloroform vapor is not attacked by oxygen. In contact with iron and water hydrogen peroxide is also produced, probably by the following reaction sequence (2) ... 

Chloroform can be manufactured from a number of starting materials. Methane, methyl chloride, or methylene chloride can be further chlorinated to chloroform, or carbon tetrachloride can be reduced, ie, hydrodechlorinated, to chloroform. Methane can be oxychlorinated with HCl and oxygen to form a mixture of chlorinated methanes. Many compounds containing either the acetyl (CH CO) or CH2CH(OH) group yield chloroform on reaction with chlorine and alkali or hypochlorite. Methyl chloride chlorination is now the most common commercial method of producing chloroform. Many years ago chloroform was almost exclusively produced from acetone or ethyl alcohol by reaction with chlorine and alkali. 

Chlorination of Ethane. Ethane [74-84-0] maybe chlorinated thermally, catalyticaHy, photochemicaHy, or electrolyticaHy. Monochlorination is favored because ethyl chloride chlorinates at about one-fourth of the rate at which it is itself produced from ethane. 

In order to operate an economically viable chlorinated paraffin business, it is essential to have a profitable outlet for the surplus hydrochloric acid, either through direct sales into the market, or preferably via an oxychlorination unit in an integrated vinyl chloride/chlorinated solvent unit, while still maintaining the option of direct sales. 

Aromatic Ring Reactions. In the presence of an iodine catalyst chlorination of benzyl chloride yields a mixture consisting mostly of the ortho and para compounds. With strong Lewis acid catalysts such as ferric chloride, chlorination is accompanied by self-condensation. Nitration of benzyl chloride with nitric acid in acetic anhydride gives an isomeric mixture containing about 33% ortho, 15% meta, and 52% para isomers (27) with benzal chloride, a mixture containing 23% ortho, 34% meta, and 43% para nitrobenzal chlorides is obtained. 

Strong dehydrating agents such as phosphorous pentoxide or sulfur trioxide convert chlorosulfuric acid to its anhydride, pyrosulfuryl chloride [7791-27-7] S20 Cl2. Analogous trisulfuryl compounds have been identified in mixtures with sulfur trioxide (3,19). When boiled in the presence of mercury salts or other catalysts, chlorosulfuric acid decomposes quantitatively to sulfuryl chloride and sulfuric acid. The reverse reaction has been claimed as a preparative method (20), but it appears to proceed only under special conditions. Noncatalytic decomposition at temperatures at and above the boiling point also generates sulfuryl chloride, chlorine, sulfur dioxide, and other compounds. 

Halogens, halides. Hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen chloride, chlorine, fluorine, silicon tetrafluoride... 

Absorption of pollutant gases is accomplished by using a selective liquid in a wet scrubber, packed tower, or bubble tower. Pollutant gases commonly controlled by absorption include sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen chloride, chlorine, ammonia, oxides of nitrogen, and low-boiling hydrocarbons. 

Cyanogen chloride (Chlorine cyanide) CNCI Poisonous liquid or gas Vapour highly irritating and very toxic Colourless liquid with a strong irritating smell Boiling point 1 3°C Vapour density 2.1... 

Acetic anhydride Methane sulfonyl chloride Chlorine... 

Canrenoate potassium Carprofen Cloprednol Dydrogesterone Chloride ion exchange resin Alcuronium chloride Chlorine... 

Aluminium B a 5 o B B < I Antimony a < Barium B a 1 3 Bismuth I Boron Cadmium 1 Caesium Calcium 1 Cerium Chloride, Chlorine [ Chromium X) o o C o a Gallium I Germanium Gold 1 Hafnium Hydrogen sulphide B a 5 a B a 5 a o 1 Lanthanons Lead f Lithium 1 Magnesium f Manganese Mercury Molybdenum... 

In chlorination, the metal values in the ore or the concentrate are recovered by converting them into chlorides. Chlorination generally refers to a process in which metal chlorides are obtained by dry methods. There are two major types of chlorination. In one type, the metal chlorides produced are nonvolatile and are recovered from the reaction mixture as molten... 

Decomposition Toxic gases and vapors (such as oxides of nitrogen, phosgene, nitrosyl chloride, chlorine, and carbon monoxide) may be released when chloropicrin decomposes. 

See Trifluoromethanesulfenyl chloride Chlorine fluorides See other ALKYLNON-METAL HALIDES... 

Hydrochloric acid, Dinitroanilines See Hydrogen chloride Chlorine, Dinitroanilines... 

Especial care is required when working with the following much used substances hydrocyanic add, phosgene, dimethyl sulphate, the lower add chlorides, chlorine, bromine, nitric oxide and nitrogen peroxide, carbon monoxide, sodium, and potassium. Large scale operations with these should be carried out in a special room in any case always in a good fume chamber. 

Hydrogen chloride, Chlorine, Dinitroanilines, 3993 Hydrogen chloride, Sulfuric acid, 3993 Hydrogen peroxide, Catalyst (unspecified), 4477... 

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