Hydrogen peroxide in water

Classical chemiluminescence from lucigenin (20) is obtained from its reaction with hydrogen peroxide in water at a pH of about 10 Qc is reported to be about 0.5% based on lucigenin, but 1.6% based on the product A/-methylacridone which is formed in low yield (46). Lucigenin dioxetane (17) has been prepared by singlet oxygen addition to an electron-rich olefin (16) at low temperature (47). Thermal decomposition of (17) gives of 1.6% (47). 

Navol Tank. Torpedo. A tank forming part of a torpedo assemblage, provided for the storage of solution of hydrogen peroxide in water. Decomposition of the hydrogen peroxide furnishes the oxygen required to effect combustion of the fuel, alcohol... 

Hydrogen peroxide was used to oxidize sulphoxides to sulphones at an early stage in the development of organosulphur chemistry28 and has remained the reagent of choice for everyday laboratory oxidations of this type. Typically, an excess of 30% hydrogen peroxide in water is employed at room temperature, often with a co-solvent such as an alcohol or acetone. 

A 30% solution of hydrogen peroxide in water was purchased from Mallinckrodt Chemical Works. The reaction requires 2 molar equivalents of hydrogen peroxide, the first to oxidize the selenide to the selenoxide and the second to oxidize the elimination product, benzeneselenenic acid, to benzeneseleninic acid. The submitters recommend that the hydrogen peroxide solution be taken from a recently opened bottle, or titrated to verify its concentration. 

C12-0037. A saturated solution of hydrogen peroxide in water contains 30.% by mass H2 O2 and has a density of 1.11 g/mL. Calculate the mole fractions, molarity, and molality of this solution. 

M. Anbar and I. Pecht, On the sonochemical formation of hydrogen peroxide in water. J. Phys. Chem. 68, 352-355 (1964). 

Rate Constants of Solvated Electron, H, and HO Reactions with Dioxygen and Hydrogen Peroxide in Water at Room Temperature [223-225]... 

The highly chemo-, regio-, and diastereoselective and stereospecific epoxidation of various allylic alcohols with only 1 equivalent of hydrogen peroxide in water solvent could be efficiently catalyzed by an isolated dinuclear peroxotungstate [W203(02)4(H20)2]2 [93,94] ... 

UHP see Urea-hydrogen peroxide Ultrasound treatment, hydrogen peroxide in water, 606, 636... 

Addition of aqueous hydrogen peroxide significantly accelerates the substitution reactions with hydroxide. For example, treatment of 2-chloropyrimidine 166 with lithium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide in water at 50 °C afforded 2-pyrimidinone 167 in 67% yield <2006TL4249>. 

ASYMMETRIC SULFOXIDATION OF ARYL METHYL SULFIDES WITH HYDROGEN PEROXIDE IN WATER... 

Table 9.7 Catalytic enantioselective oxidation of aryl alkyl sulfides 2 with hydrogen peroxide in water-SDS solution mediated by 1...

Die next parameter we need is the diffusion coefficient Df of hydrogen peroxide in water. Here, we can assume the approximate value of 10 9 m2/s. However, this coefficient will be needed further in this example for the determination of the effective solid-phase diffusion coefficient, in a calculation that is extremely sensitive to the value of the liquid-phase diffusion coefficient. For this reason, coefficient should be evaluated with as much accuracy as possible. The diffusion coefficient of solutes in dilute aqueous solutions can be evaluated using the Hayduk and Laudie equation (see eq. (1.26) in Appendix I) ... 

The two-phase epoxidation of alkenes by hydrogen peroxide in water-dichloromethane system, catalysed by manganese(III)-porphyrin, is strongly accelerated by addition of catalytic amounts of a carboxylic acid and lipophilic imidazole or pyridine axial ligand365,366. Manganese(III)-porphyrin bound to colloidal anion-exchange particles is more active in the selective epoxidation of styrene by aqueous hypochlorite than the same catalyst in aqueous solution367. 

A study of the freezing-point curve of solutions of hydrogen peroxide in water indicates the existence of a definite hydrate H202.2H20, melting at —51° C.1... 

An interesting example of the use of a recyclable, thermoresponsive catalyst in a micellar-type system was recently reported by Ikegami et al. [38]. A PNI-PAM-based copolymer containing pendant tetraalkylammonium cations and a polyoxometalate, PW1204o, as the counter anion was used as a catalyst for the oxidation of alcohols with hydrogen peroxide in water (Fig. 9.25). At room temperature the substrate and the aqueous hydrogen peroxide, containing the catalyst, formed distinct separate phases. When the mixture was heated to 90 °C a... 

TS-1 catalyzes the hydroxylation of alkanes with dilute solutions of hydrogen peroxide in water, in a biphasic system of alkane and aqueous H2O2, or in aqueous-organic solution. The rate of reaction decreases in the solvent order butanol > butanol/water > methanol = acetonitrile = water [24, 25]. The temperature is generally lower than 55 °C in methanol, close to 100°C in water and of intermediate values in other solvents. Hydroxylation occurs at secondary and tertiary C—H bonds, while primary ones are completely inert (Equations 18.3 and 18.4). 

Cobalt(III) l,5-diaIkyl-2,4-pentanedionate derivatives have been obtained by oxidation of C0L2 with hydrogen peroxide in water . Analogously, the vanadium(IV) derivative VO(acac)2 is oxidized by I2 to the polyiodide [VO(acac)2]l5 . Charge ti ansfer complexes of general formula [M(acac) I]l3 (M = Fe , Co , n = 3 M = Ni, n = 2 ) have been isolated and characterized from the reaction of M(acac) with diiodine. 

Pastina B, LaVerne JA. (2001) Effect of molecular hydrogen on hydrogen peroxide in water radiolysis. J Phys Chem A105(40) 9316-9322. 

A 3% solution of hydrogen peroxide in water can help disin-IFect an open wound. 

Elimination reactions leading to olefins are usually performed on the corresponding selenoxides 3 9,1 12) (Scheme 2 a). These are often unstable and decompose at room temperature to olefins and selenenic acid (further oxidized to the more stable seleninic acid by excess of oxidant). Hydrogen peroxide in water-THF, ozone and further treatment with an amine or tert-butyl hydroperoxide without or with alumina proved to be the method of choice for such a synthesis of olefins. The reaction is reminiscent of the one already described with aminoxides or sulfoxides 22) and occurs via a syn elimination of the seleninyl moiety and the hydrogen attached to the P-carbon atom. However it takes place under smoother conditions. 

T. Sakamoto, C. Pac, Selective epoxidation of olefins by hydrogen peroxide in water using a polyoxometalate catalyst supported on chemically modified hydrophobic mesoporous silica gel. Tetrahedron Lett. 41 (2000) 10009. 

K. Kamata, K. Yamaguchi, N. Mizuno, Highly selective, recyclable epoxidation of allylic alcohols with hydrogen peroxide in water catalyzed by dinuclear peroxotungstate, Chem. Eur. J. 10 (2004) 4728. 

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