Chlorine germanium chloride

Germanium in zinc ores is heated in the presence of chlorine gas. Germanium chloride (GeC ) is formed ... 

AMMONIA GAS (7664-41-7) Anhydrous, compressed gas or cryogenic liquid. Difficult to ignite, but can detonate in confined spaces in fire. Reacts violently with strong oxidizers, acids (nitric, hydrochloric, sulfuric, picric, hydrobromic, hydrochlorous, etc.). Shock-, temperature-, and pressure-sensitive compounds are formed with antimony, chlorine, germanium compounds, halogens, heavy metals, hydrocarbons, mercury oxide, silver compounds (azides, chlorides, nitrates, oxides). Fire and/or explosions may be caused by contact with acetaldehyde, acrolein, aldehydes, alkylene oxides, amides, antimony, boron, boron halides. 

M.A. Hanson, V.V. Terskikh, K.M. Baines, Y. Huang, Chlorine-35 solid-state NMR spectroscopy as an indirect probe of germanium oxidation state and coordination environment in germanium chlorides, Inorg. Chem. 53 (2014) 7377-7388. 

Germaniiimil V) chloride can be prepared by passing chlorine over germanium at a temperature of 370 50 K ... 

Aluminium B a 5 o B B < I Antimony a < Barium B a 1 3 Bismuth I Boron Cadmium 1 Caesium Calcium 1 Cerium Chloride, Chlorine [ Chromium X) o o C o a Gallium I Germanium Gold 1 Hafnium Hydrogen sulphide B a 5 a B a 5 a o 1 Lanthanons Lead f Lithium 1 Magnesium f Manganese Mercury Molybdenum... 

In the case where X = Cl, exchange of halogen with KI leads to H3GeCH2I278. Mercuric chloride in THF can be used to introduce chlorine into germanium trihydrides279 with a functional group in the aliphatic chain (Scheme 24). Finally, y-hydroxygermylenes are produced. 

Germanium(IV) chloride is prepared by reacting germanium metal with chlorine or by treating germanium oxide, Ge02, with hydrochloric acid ... 

Germanium(IV) chloride also is obtained by chlorination of germanium(II) chloride at ambient temperature. The reaction is rapid. 

Germanium surface passivation by chloride termination inhibits oxide formation and maintains a well-ordered surface. The chloride-terminated surface can also be used as a reactive precursor for wet organic functionalization. For example, Cullen et al. [105] first demonstrated the reaction of a chloride-terminated Ge(lll) surface with ethyl Grignard as a means of ethylation for use in surface stabilization. The chlorination was performed by a mixture of Cl2 and HC1 gas with N2 above atmospheric pressures [105]. Although this resulted in approximately a one-to-one ratio of adsorbed chlorine atoms with Ge surface atoms, the high pressures resulted in severe etching of the substrate [105]. 

The original work on wet chemical functionalization of germanium was reported as early as 1962 by Cullen et al. (researchers in RCA labs) [105]. They exposed ethyl Grignard to a chloride-terminated Ge(lll) surface and used radiotracer studies with tritiated ethyl groups to show that ethylation of the surface occurs via formation of Ge—C bonds in a one-to-one ratio with surface atoms. Because the chlorination procedure used by the authors can lead to formation of mono-, di-, and trichloride species, there may be some uncertainty as to the Ge/C ratio. However, these surfaces did demonstrate hydrophobic behavior and stability in both atmosphere and aqueous solution. 

In a kinetic study of the exchange of methyl groups for chlorine atoms on germanium at 300° C in the presence of 0.1% of aluminum chloride, it is shown 38) that the reaction of Eq. (117)... 

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