Chloride, definition

Synonyms 6-(N-Acetylamino)-4-oxahexyltrimethyl ammonium chloride Definition Quaternized acetamide MEA Uses Substantive humectant, emollient in cosmetics humectant, antistat for shampoos skin moisturizer... 

Synonyms 1-Chloro-2-methylbenzene 2-Chloro-1-methylbenzene 2-Chlorotoluene 1-Methyl-2-chlorobenzene 2-Methylchlorobenzene OCT Orthochlorotoluene o-Tolyl chloride Definition Major isomer of monochlorotoluene Empirical C7H7CI... 

Cocoyl hydrolyzed soy protein Synonyms Soya protein hydrolysates, reaction prods, with coco-acyl chloride Definition Condensation prod, of coconut acid chloride and hydrolyzed soy protein Uses Antistat, surfactant, hair conditioner in cosmetics, hair care, skin care Trade Name Synonyms Oleo-Soy C J[Arch Personal Care Prods. http //www. archchemicals, com]... 

Gelatin/keratin amino acids/lysine hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride Definition Hydroxypropyl trimethylammonium deriv. of gelatin, keratin amino acids, and lysine Uses Antistat, hair conditioner, skin conditioner in cosmetics Trade Name Synonyms Flexiquat f [Arch Personal Care Prods. http //WWW. archchemicais. com] Gelatin/lysine/polyacrylamide hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride Definition Hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium deriv. of gelatin, lysine, and polyacrylamide Uses Antistat, hair conditioner in cosmetics Trade Name Synonyms Flexiquat B f[Arch Personal Care Prods. http //WWW. archchemicais. com]... 

Trade Name Synonyms Milkpro-Q [lkeda http //www.ikeda-corp.co.jp, S. Black http //www.sblack.com]] Promois Milk Q [Seiwa Kasei http //www.seiwakasei.co.jp] R.I.T.A. http //WWW. ritacorp. com] Hydroxypropyltrimonium hydrolyzed collagen CAS 11308-59-1 111174-62-0 Synonyms Protein hydrolysates, leather, reaction prods, with (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl) trimethylammonium chlorides Definition Quaternary ammonium chloride formed from the reaction of hydroxypropyl trimethylamine with hydrolyzed collagen... 

Lauryl methyl gluceth-10 hydroxypropyidimonium chloride Definition Quaternary ammonium salt prepared by reaction of methyl gluceth-10 with a dimethyl dodecylammonium substituted epoxide Uses Antistat, substantivity agent, conditioner, humectant, moisturizer for cosmetics, topical pharmaceuticals... 

Aiuminum chiorohydroxide Aiuminum hydroxychloride Basic aluminum chioride PAC Polyaluminum hydroxychloride Poiyhydroxoaiuminum chloride Definition Basic aluminum chloride with OH AI ratio of 0.5-2.5... 

Quaternium-18/benzalkonium bentonite Synonyms Quaternary ammonium compds., bis (hydrogenated tallow alkyl) dimethyl, compds. with bentonite and C8-C18-alkylbenzyldimethylammonium chloride Definition Reaction prod, of bentonite, quaternium-18, and benzalkonium chloride Uses Vise, control agent, gellant in cosmetics thixotrope for paints... 

Synonyms 1 -Propanaminium, 3-amino-N-[2[(2-hydroxyelhyl)amino]2-oxoethyl]-N,N-dimethyl-, N-C12-18 acyl derivatives, chlorides Definition Quaternized foaming surfactant derived from coconut Toxicology Nontoxic nonsensitizing... 

Synonyms Collagen, lauroyl derivs. Lauroyl hydrolyzed animal protein Proteins, hydrolysates, reaction prods, with lauroyl chloride Definition Condensation prod, of lauric acid chloride and hydrolyzed collagen Properties Alcohol-sol. 

An acid was once defined simply as a substance which produces hydrogen ions, or protons. However, the simple proton, H , is never found under ordinary conditions, and this definition required amendment. Bronsted and, independently, Lowry, therefore redefined an acid as a susbstance able to donate protons to other molecules or ions, and a base as a substance capable of accepting such protons. If we consider hydrogen chloride, HCl, as an example, the HCl molecule is essentially covalent, and hydrogen chloride (gas or liquid) contains no protons. But anhydrous hydrogen chloride in benzene will react with anhydrous ammonia ... 

Take two test-tubes A and B in A place about 5 ml. of neutralised tartaric acid solution and in B place 5 ml. of distilled water. To each solution add 3-4 drops of ferric chloride solution. Place a piece of white paper under the tubes, look down their length and note that A is definitely yellow compared with the control tube B. This yellow colour is given by a-hydroxy-carboxylic-acids, lactic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid. 

To the cold acid chloride add 175 ml. of pure carbon disulphide, cool in ice, add 30 g, of powdered anhydrous aluminium chloride in one lot, and immediately attach a reflux condenser. When the evolution of hydrogen chloride ceases (about 5 minutes), slowly warm the mixture to the boiling point on a water bath. Reflux for 10 minutes with frequent shaking the reaction is then complete. Cool the reaction mixture to 0°, and decompose the aluminium complex by the cautious addition, with shaking, of 100 g. of crushed ice. Then add 25 ml. of concentrated hydrochloric acid, transfer to a 2 htre round-bottomed flask and steam distil, preferably in the apparatus, depicted in Fig. II, 41, 3 since the a-tetralone is only moderately volatile in steam. The carbon disulphide passes over first, then there is a definite break in the distillation, after whieh the a-tetralone distils completely in about 2 htres of distillate. 

A plot against Hammett s cr-constants of the logarithms of the rate constants for the solvolysis of a series of Mz-substituted dimethylphenylcarbinyl chlorides, in which compounds direct resonance interaction with the substituent is not possible, yielded a reasonably straight line and gave a value for the reaction constant (p) of — 4 54. Using this value of the reaction constant, and with the data for the rates of solvolysis, a new set of substituent parameters (cr+) was defined. The procedure described above for the definition of cr+, was adopted for... 

Fn some cases, r-allylpalladium complex formation by retention syn attack) has been observed. The reaction of the cyclic allyiic chloride 33 with Pd(0) affords the 7r-allylpalladium chlorides 34 and 35 by retention or inversion depending on the solvents and Pd species. For example, retention is observed in benzene, THF, or dichloromethane with Pd2(dba)3. However, the complex formation proceeds by inversion in these solvents with Pd(Ph3P)4, whereas in MeCN and DMSO it is always inversion[33]. The syn attack in this case may be due to coordination of Pd to chlorine in 33, because Pd is halophilic. The definite syn attack in complex formation has been observed using stereoche-mically biased substrates. The reaction of the cxoallylic diphenylphosphino-acetate 36 with phenylzinc proceeds smoothly to give 37. The reaction can be explained by complex formation by a syn mechanism[31]. However, these syn attacks are exceptional, and normally anti attack dominates. 

A plasticizer is a substance the addition of which to another material makes that material softer and more flexible. This broad definition encompasses the use of water to plasticize clay for the production of pottery, and oils to plasticize pitch for caulking boats. A more precise definition of plasticizers is that they are materials which, when added to a polymer, cause an increase in the flexibiUty and workabiUty, brought about by a decrease in the glass-transition temperature, T, of the polymer. The most widely plasticized polymer is poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) due to its excellent plasticizer compatibility characteristics, and the development of plasticizers closely follows the development of this commodity polymer. However, plasticizers have also been used and remain in use with other polymer types. 

Agriculture. Most forages provide insufficient sodium for animal feeding and may lack adequate chloride. Thus salt supplementation is a critical part of a nutritionally balanced diet for animals. In addition, because animals have a definite appetite for salt, it can be used as a deflvery mechanism to ensure adequate intake of less palatable nutrients and as a feed limiter. Salt is an excellent carrier for trace minerals. Salt, either in loose form or as compressed blocks, can be mixed with feed or fed free-choice to improve animal health and productivity (see Feeds and feed additives). 

Condensa.tlon, This term covers all processes, not previously iacluded ia other process definitions, where water or hydrogen chloride is eliminated ia a reaction involving the combination of two or more molecules. The important condensation reactions are nitrogen and sulfur heterocycle formation, amide formation from acid chlorides, formation of substituted diphenyl amines, and misceUaneous cyclizations. 

Probably the most important development of the past decade was the introduction by Brown and co-workers of a set of substituent constants,ct+, derived from the solvolysis of cumyl chlorides and presumably applicable to reaction series in which a delocalization of a positive charge from the reaction site into the aromatic nucleus is important in the transition state or, in other words, where the importance of resonance structures placing a positive charge on the substituent - -M effect) changes substantially between the initial and transition (or final) states. These ct+-values have found wide application, not only in the particular side-chain reactions for which they were designed, but equally in electrophilic nuclear substitution reactions. Although such a scale was first proposed by Pearson et al. under the label of and by Deno et Brown s systematic work made the scale definitive. 

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