Chlorhexidine diacetate

Dissolve chlorhexidine diacetate in propylene glycol at > 70 °C, stir well and add slowly Lutrol F 127 and water. Maintain the temperature until the air bubbles escaped. 

PVAC/dichloromethane/chlorhexidine diacetate PB/Dichloromethane/chIorohexidine diacetate... 

Chlorhexidine diacetate is partially soluble in water, and the solubility increases with temperature, which provides a particulate form for application, and... 

Fig. 2.62 Chlorhexidine and its reaction with acetic acid to form chlorhexidine diacetate (complex molecular structure), where the acetic acid and chlorhexidine base are in equilibrium (+ charge), when dissolved, they subsequently dissociate in water...

In a microorganism prone environment, it is preferable to protect a dressing with a preservative such as chlorhexidine to prevent the contamination of the dressing. It is necessary to consider the solubility of an agent in the liquid phase of the dressing during the selection of an antimicrobial agent. The formulated polyvinyl acetate and polybutyral materials were dissolved in ethanol that is also a solvent for chlorhexidine diacetate. The information (Block, 2001) in Table 2.12 provides solubilities of chlorhexidine compounds in different solvents. 

From inspection of Table 2.12, it is apparent that only chlorhexidine diacetate is sufficiently soluble in ethanol, so the liquid applied barrier dressing consisting of polymers dissolved in ethanol must be preserved by chlorhexidine diacetate, because water is not an option. The concentration of this agent is another consideration, but the range of options is clear from the above table. 

Fig. 2.66 The mechanism of antibacterial activity of chlorhexidine diacetate on a bacteria cell (a) Natural cell with surrounding negative surface charge (gray), (b) introduction of chlorhexidine diacetate, pH <7, surrounding positive charge (red) and (c) disruption of cell membrane...

Controls were employed to compare emulsions and additives mentioned in the patents to standards and known antibacterial agents such as 6% chlorhexidine diacetate in 70% isopropanol (wt/vol). Nonionic surfactants have no antibacterial activity... 

ControEChlorhexidine, standard 6% chlorhexidine diacetate in 70% isopropanol disc (disc) (14) (15) (24)... 

The results of testing of all of the above materials with standard cultures of bacteria are appended Fig. A4.1, and the accompanying blank Petri dish is for visual inspection of test materials and their identification on the Petri dishes. The antibacterial activity of each material is contained in Table 4.1. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid had consistent activity, tributyl phosphate exhibited activity against S. aureus, and the control (chlorhexidine diacetate) performed consistently against all bacteria. 

The cormterion may alter the critical micelle concentration (CMC) as shown for the chlorhexidine diacetate and digluconate salts. ... 

El-Falaha BMA, Rogers DT, Furr JR, Russell AD. Surface changes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa exposed to chlorhexidine diacetate and benzalkonium chloride. Int J Pharm 1985 23 239—243. 

El-Falaha BMA, Russell AD, Furr JR, Rogers DT. Activity of benzalkonium chloride and chlorhexidine diacetate against wild-type and envelope mutants of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Int Pharm 1985 25 329-337. 

Synonyms chlorhexidini acetas chlorhexidine diacetate 1,1 -hexamethylenebis[5-(4-chlorophenyl)biguanide] diacetate Hibitane diacetate. 

Pesonen T, Kanerva H, Hirvonen ],etal. Incompatibilities between chlorhexidine diacetate and some tablet excipients. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 1995 21 747-752. 

Drug delivery from LLC phases of oligo(ethylene oxide)-alkyl ether (i.e., (E0) -0-alkyl) surfactants have also been explored but to a much lesser extent than GMO. For example, the L, Qn, and Hu phases of commercial Brij-96 surfactant (i.e., (EO)io-O-oleyl) (Fig. 18) formed with water and other additives, have been explored for release of ephedrine hydrochloride, tenoxi-cam [145], and topical dermal delivery of benzocaine [146]. Work in this area has found that the amount of water swelling the hydrophilic domains of the LLC phase increases drug diffusion and release [145]. In addition to this work, the L phase of the (EO)2i-0-stearyl/oil/water system has been explored for dermal delivery of itraconazole [147] and the L and Hi phases of the (E0)7-0-Ci3 i5 (i.e., Symperonic A7)/water system have been explored for the release of the model drug chlorhexidine diacetate [148]. 

Bis (5-(p-chlorophenyl) biguanidino) hexane diacetate. See Chlorhexidine diacetate... 

Chlorhexidine diacetate CAS 56-95-1 EINECS/ELINCS 200-302-4 Synonyms 1,6-Bis (5-(p-chlorophenyl) biguanidino) hexane diacetate Chlorhexidine acetate 1,6-Di (4 -chlorophenyldiguanidino) hexane diacetate 1,1 -Hexamethylene bis [5-(4-chlorophenyl) biguanide] diacetate 1,1 -Hexamethylenebis (5-(p-chlorophenyl) biguanide) diacetate... 

Cetrimonium saccharinate Cetrimonium tosylate Cetylpyridiniurn chloride Chloramine-T Chlorhexidine diacetate Chlorhexidine digluconate Chloroacetamide Chlorobutanol Chlorothymol Cloflucarban Cocotrimonium chloride Colloidal sulfur Copper pyrithione Copper usnate Cresylic acid... 

N,N-Dimethyl-N-lauric acid-amidopropyl-N-(3-sulfopropyl)-ammonium betaine N,N-Dimethyl-N-myristyl-N-(3-sulfopropyl)-ammonium betaine N,N-Dimethyl-N-palmityl-N-(3-sulfopropyl)-ammonium betaine N,N-Dimethyl-N-stearyl-N-(3-sulfopropyl)-ammonium betaine N,N-Dimethyl-N-tallow-N-(3-sulfopropyl)-ammonium betaine N,N-Distearyl-N-methyl-N-(3-sulfopropyl)-ammonium betaine bactericide, cosmetics Bisabolol 2-Bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol Chlorhexidine diacetate Chlorhexidine digluconate Chlorhexidine dihydrochloride Chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimonium chloride Chlorphenesin Coco-betaine Cocodimethylammonium-3-sulfopropylbetaine Dimethylhydroxymethylpyrazole Methenammonium chloride Potassium methylparaben Potassium sorbate Sodium butylparaben Sodium pyrithione bactericide, creams/lotions Chlorhexidine digluconate bactericide, cutting fluids... 

Calcium undecylenate L-Camphor Cetalkonium chloride Cetearalkonium bromide Cetrimonium bromide Cetrimonium chloride Cetylpyridinium chloride Chlorhexidine Chlorhexidine diacetate Chlorhexidine digluconate Chlorhexidine dihydrochloride Chloroacetamide Chlorobutanol Chlorophene Chloroxylenol Chlorphenesin Climbazole o-Cymen-5-ol Diazolidinyl urea Dilauryl thiodipropionate Dimethyl hydantoin-formaldehyde polymer Dimethylhydroxymethylpyrazole Dimethyl oxazolidine DM DM hydantoin Edetic acid Ethyl benzoate Ethylparaben Ethyl vanillate Fluorosalan Formaldehyde Formic acid Glutaral Grapefruit (Citrus grandis) seed extract Hexamethylenetetramine Hexamidine... 

Chlorhexidine diacetate 200-309-2 Allyl isothiocyanate 200-311-3 Acetoquat CTAB Bromat ... 

---