Chemistry Curie, Pierre

Marie-Paule Pileni, Ph.D. Professor, Department of Physical Chemistry, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France... 

CURIE, PIERRE (1859-1906) CURIE, MARIE (1867-1934). Pierre Cume was bom and raised in Paris. With his brother. Jacques, he studied crystals and in 1880 discovered piezoelectricity. Piezoelectricity is the production of an electric charge by pressure on certain crystals. Pierre became director at the School of Industrial Physics and Chemistry in Paris where he worked for 22 years. His doctoral thesis on magnetism led lo his discovery, the Curie point, a temperature at which ferromagnetic substances lose their magnetism. 

In 1903 the Nobel Prize in Physics was jointly awarded to three individuals Marie Curie, Pierre Curie, and Becquerel. Marie was the first woman ever to receive this prestigious award. In addition, she received the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1911, making her the only person to receive two Nobel awards in science. Ironically, her cause of death in 1934 was of overexposure to radioactivity, the research for which she was so respected. 

In 1903 the Davy Medal of the Royal Society was awarded to Pierre and Mme Curie, and in the same year the Nobel Prize for Physics was divided between Henri Becquerel and the two Curies. Pierre Curie was killed in a street accident in April 1906 and Mme. Curie continued the work alone. The University of Paris awarded her the chair of her late husband, the first time such a post in France had been held by a woman. She taught for many years at the ficole Normale for women teachers at Sevres, and in 1908 became the first woman titular professor at the Sorbonne. In 1911 she was persuaded to submit herself for election to the Institut, but was rejected as a compensation she could in the same year claim a second Nobel Prize, in chemistry, and in 1922 she was elected a member of the Academy of Medicine. 

M.Sc. (Mdtrise), physical chemistry (University Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, 1991)... 

Curie, Pierre (1859-1906) French chemist who helped understand radioactivity and also discovered two new elements together with his wife Marie Ciuie. Curl, Robert, Jr. (1933-) American chemist who shared the 1996 Nobel prize in chemistry for his joint discovery of buckminsterfuUerene. 

Pierre Sinay studied chemistry at Ecole Nationale Super-ieure des Industries Chimiques, Nancy, France, and received his PhD from the University of Nancy. After his post-doctoral research at Harvard University he became Professor at the University of Orleans before he was appointed professor of organic chemistry at Pierre et Marie Curie University and Ecole Normale Superieure in Paris. His main research focuses on the chemical synthesis of oligosaccharides of biological relevance and on the development of new synthetic methods in the carbohydrate field. He is Editor-in-Chief of the journal Carbohydrate Letters and he has published numerous scientific papers and patents. In 1987 he was elected president of the organic chemistry division of the French Chemical Society. In 1978 he was awarded the Le Bel Price of the French Chemical Society, in 1996 he was triple-honoured with the Desnuelles Price, the Bethellot Medal and with the election as corresponding member of the French Academy of Sciences. 

In 1903, the Curies received the Nobel Prize in physics (with Becquerel) for the discovery of radioactivity. Three years later, Pierre Curie died at the age of 46, the victim of a tragic accident. Fie stepped from behind a carriage in a busy Paris street and was run down by a horse-driven truck. That same year, Marie became the first woman instructor at the Sorbonne. In 1911, she won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for the discovery of radium and polonium, thereby becoming the first person to win two Nobel Prizes. 

Marie Pierre Curie 1903, physics radioactivity, M.C. 1911, chemistry discovery of radium and polonium)... 

Gwilherm Evano was born in 1977 in Paris he studied chemistry at the Ecole Normale Superieure in Paris and received his Ph.D. from Universite Pierre et Marie Curie in 2002 under the supervision of Professors Francois Couty and Claude Agami. After postdoctoral study with Professor James S. Panek at Boston University, he became assistant professor at the University of Versailles in 2004. His research interests concern the field of asymmetric synthesis of nitrogen heterocycles as well as their reactivity and the total synthesis of natural products. 

In 1903 M. and Mme. Curie, together with M. A.-H. Becquerel, were awarded the Nobel Prize in chemistry. The Curie household with its two bright little daughters was a most happy one, and the gifted parents looked forward to a lifetime of united efforts for science. That dream was not to be fulfilled. On April 19, 1906, as Pierre Curie was crossing a busy street in Paris, he was struck by a heavy vehicle and instantly killed (61). 

Marie and Pierre Curie and Henri Becquerel shared the Nobel Prize in physics in 1903 for pioneering investigations of radioactivity. The Curies needed 4 years to isolate 100 mg of RaCI2 from several tons of ore. Marie received the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1911 for her isolation of metallic radium. Linus Pauling, John Bardeen, and Frederick Sanger are the only others who received two Nobel Prizes. 

The concept of symmetry and chirality in chemistry has a well-defined meaning only in relation to experiment.18 Consider a system of one or more molecules subject to experimental observation. The properties of any such system are invariant with respect to its symmetry operations.42 In Pierre Curie s famous dictum, c est la dissymetrie qui cree le phenomfcne. 43 That is, a phenomenon is expected to exist—and can in principle be observed—only because certain elements of symmetry are absent from the system. It follows that all manifestations of chirality flow from a single source the absence of symmetry elements of the second kind in the group describing the system under observation. Accordingly, if... 

Marie Curie won two Nobel Prizes (only two other people have ever done this). The first was in 1903, with her husband Pierre and Henri Becquerel, for Physics the second in 1911, for Chemistry. 

University oflllinois. Department of Chemistry, SOS South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801. Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, Laboratorie de Physicochimie Inorganique, 4 Place Jussieu, 7S2S2 Paris Cedex OS, France. 

The work of Marie and Pierre Curie was extremely important in establishing the origin of radioactivity and the field of nuclear chemistry. In 1898, the Curies identified two new elements, polonium and radium, on the basis of their radioactivity. Henri Becquerel and the Curies shared the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics for their work. Marie Curie also received the 1911 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for her work with polonium and radium. Figure 25-2 shows the Curies at work in their laboratory. 

Both Pierre and Marie Curie played important roles in founding the field of nuclear chemistry. Marie Curie went on to show that unlike chemical reactions, radioactivity is not affected by changes in physical conditions such as temperature and pressure. She is the only person in history to receive Nobel Prizes in two different sciences—physics in 1903, and chemistry in 1911. 

Wilhelm Roentgen discovered X rays in 1895. Henri Becquerel, Marie Curie and Pierre Curie pioneered the fields of radioactivity and nuclear chemistry. 

Curie, Marie S. (1867-1934). Born in Warsaw, Poland, she and her husband Pierre made an intensive study of the radioactive properties of uranium. They isolated polonium in 1898 from pitchblende ore. By devising a tedious and painstaking separation method, they obtained a salt of radium in 1912, receiving the Nobel Prize in physics for this achievement in 1903 jointly with Becquerel. In 1911, Mme. Curie alone received the Nobel Prize in chemistry. Her work laid the foundation of the study of radioactive elements which culminated in control of nuclear fission. 

Getting to Marie Curie was born Marya Sklodowska in Poland in 1867. She attended the famous university in Paris called the Sorbonne. She married Pierre Curie in 1895. They studied chemistry together. 

In 1903, the Curies shared the Nobel Prize in Physics for their work with radioactivity. Pierre died in an accident in 1906, and Marie continued her research. She won the 1911 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for discovering polonium and radium. Marie Curie died of a type of cancer called leukemia. Exposure to radioactivity caused her cancer. 

Marie Sklodowska Curie (1867-1934) is the only person to have been honored with Nobel Prizes in both physics and chemistry. In 1903, Pierre (1859-1906) and Marie Curie and Henri Becquerel (1852-1908) shared the prize in physics for the discovery of namral radioactivity. Marie Curie also received the 1911 Nobel Prize in chemistry for her discovery of radium and polonium and the compounds of radium. She named polonium for her native Poland. Marie s daughter, Irene JoUot-Curie (1897-1956), and Irene s husband, Frederick Joliot (1900-1958), received the 1935 Nobel Prize in chemistry for the first synthesis of a new radioactive element. 

Marie Curie was one of the scientists who first studied this phenomenon and helped move the field of chemistry into the nuclear age. She and her husband, Pierre, carried out research together in a laboratory in France. They studied the changes that occur in atomic nuclei and discovered several elements that have unstable nuclei. In the days of the Curies, no one understood the dangers of dealing with unstable elements. Today, scientists know that they must be used with extreme care. 

Marie Curie continued to study the properties of the new elements and wrote her doctoral dissertation on radioactivity in 1903. In the same year, she and her husband along with Henri Becquerei shared the Nobel prize for physics. Eight years later, after Pierre s death, Marie received another Nobel prize this time in chemistry. 

CHEMISTRY S MOST FAMOUS COUPLE MARIE AND PIERRE CURIE... 

An important part of radium s legacy is the fact that it was discovered through very painstaking work by the famous husband-and-wife scientific team of Pierre and Marie Curie. In this chapter, the reader will learn of the Curies work. The reader will also learn about the chemistry and uses of radium and how radium is formed in Earth s crust. 

P. Chaquin (161), University Pierre et Marie Curie, Laboratoire de Chimie Theorique, Case 137, Paris Cedex 5, 75252, France Nick J. Clarke (37), Tessella Support Services pic, Bretby Business Park, Burton Upon Trent DE15 OYZ, United Kingdom David L. Cooper (37), University of Liverpool, Department of Chemistry, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom... 

Marie (Marya Sklodowska) Curie (1867-1934). Polish-born chemist and physicist. In 1903 she and her French husband, Pierre Curie, were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for their work on radioactivity. In 1911, she again received the Nobel prize, this time in chemistry, for her work on the radioactive elements radium and polonium. She is one of only three people to have received two Nobel prizes in science. Despite her great contribution to science, her nomination to the French Academy of Sciences in 1911 was rejected by one vote because she was a woman Her daughter Irene, and son-in-law Frederic Joliot-Curie, shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1935. 

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