Carbohydrates field

Note 2. The use of prefixes ending in -ylidene for gem-bivalent substituent groups is traditional in the carbohydrate field, although no longer recommended in general organic nomenclature [14],... 

With regret, the passing is noted, on April 16, 1997, of Guy G. S. Dutton, a member of the Board of Advisors of Advances for many years and a staunch supporter of the series. Also deceased in 1997 are two giants of science, Melvin Calvin and Alexander Todd, Nobel laureates, each of whom made seminal contributions in the carbohydrate field. 

The hydrolysis of glycosides by acid and by enzymes is one of the most important reactions encountered in the carbohydrate field. The mechanisms... 

Fleury and Lange3 first pointed out that the reaction could be considered selective for hydroxyl groups attached to adjacent carbon atoms-, and they explored the application of this new reaction in the carbohydrate field. They used analytical procedures for oxidant consumption4 somewhat different from those employed by Malaprade and they applied new procedures for... 

In the carbohydrate field, pH values outside the range 3 to 5 should be avoided whenever possible. When such factors as the presence of blocking groups render this infeasible, some reactions can still be performed at pH s of 7.5264 and 5.7.266 The partially methylated sugars,67 68 69a 60 the highly hindered glycols,261 and certain amino alcohols,9 98 100 101 l03 6 are exceptions and tend to be most readily oxidized at a pH of 7.5. 

Fletcher, Hewitt G., Jr., and Richtmyer, Nelson K., Applications in the Carbohydrate Field of Reductive Desulfurization by Raney Nickel, V, 1-28... 

The editorial policy of the publication will continue in its past form. To quote from Volume I It is our plan to have the individual contributors furnish critical, integrating reviews rather than mere literature surveys, and to have the articles presented in such a form as to be intelligible to the average chemist rather than only to the specialist. Invitations will be extended to selected research workers to prepare critical reviews of special topics in the broad field of the carbohydrates, including the sugars, polysaccharides and glycosides. It is also the intention to include biochemical and analytical developments in the carbohydrate field as well as critical reviews of important industrial advances. 

APPLICATIONS IN THE CARBOHYDRATE FIELD OF REDUCTIVE DESULFURIZATION BY RANEY NICKEL... 

The carbohydrate chemist is familiar with the general aspects of the process for the manufacture of crystalline dextrose because of the important position this compound occupies in the whole carbohydrate field. The special features of the process, however, are less familiar and it is hoped that this discussion will afford a better idea of modern methods. 

Tipson s long-standing interest in sulfonic esters led him to contribute a landmark article on carbohydrate sulfonates for Volume 8 of Advances in Carbohydrate Chemistry, which marked the start of his editorial involvement with the series he joined as assistant editor to M. L. Wolfrom starting with Volume 9. This was the beginning of a long and fruitful association between Wolfrom and Tipson that assured researchers in the carbohydrate field of a regular series of authoritative articles on a wide range of topics, both fundamental and applied, related to carbohydrates. 

The aim of this article is to focus on the diversity of aldonolactones as chiral synthons. The chemistry of aldonolactones was an almost unexplored area when, in 1979, we started our investigations on the reaction of aldonolactones with hydrogen bromide in acetic acid thereby obtaining bromodeoxyaldonolac-tones [1,2]. These compounds have over the years proven to be very versatile compounds for stereoselective synthesis, both in the carbohydrate field, giving access to otherwise less readily obtainable sugars, and as chiral, optically pure synthons in a broader sense within organic chemistry. 

Our work has mostly been focussed on the potential of selective transformation of aldonolactones, as will be described in this article, rather than on the synthesis of defined target molecules. Thus, the purpose of this paper is also to inspire researchers from the non-carbohydrate field to recognize these chiral synthons for further use in the synthesis of e.g.complex natural products. 

The first application of the reaction in the carbohydrate field was to the chlorination of l,2 3,4-di-0-isopropylidene-a-D-galactopyran-ose65(b) treatment of this compound with triphenylphosphine in carbon tetrachloride for 3 hours at reflux temperature gave the corresponding 6-chloro-6-deoxy derivative66 in good yield, and a small proportion of 6-deoxy-l,2 3,4-di-0-isopropylidene-/3-L-arafcino-hex-... 

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