Ecole Normale Superieur

Ecole Normale Superieure. Departement de Chimie. UMR 8640 24 rue Lhomond. F-75231 Paris Cedex 05. France. 

S. Chu (Stanford), C. Cohen-Tannoudji (Ecole Normal Superieure, Paris) and... 

Laboratoire de Chimie de I Ecole Normale Superieure, 24, rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France. Present Address Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse, 79 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, 69626 Villeurbanne Cedex, France. 

Cumming, C.M. and Brett, C.T. (1986) A galacturonyltransferase involved in pectin biosynthesis. In Cell Walls 86. Proceedings of the Fourth Cell Wall Meeting. Paris -September 10-12,1986. edited by B. Vian, et al, pp. 360-363. University Pierre et Marie Curie - Ecole Normale Superieure. Paris. 

It is a pleasure for the author of being invited to contribute to this book as a tribute to Gaston Berthier who taught him in the late sixties at Ecole Normale Superieure (rue Lhomond, Paris) how to use a partieular molecular orbital formalism, developped in his group, for a study on transiton metal eomplexes. This has been the beginning of a fruitful eollaboration over the years. 

Department de Biologie, Ecole Normale Superieure, Paris, France... 

James Griesemer Department of Philosophy, 2297 Social Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95616-8673, USA David L. Hull Department of Philosophy, Northwestern University, 1818 Hinman Avenue, Evanston, IL 60208-1315, USA Elisabeth A. Lloyd Department of History and Philosophy of Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA Michel Morange Departement de Biologie, Unite de Genetique Moleculaire, Ecole Normale Superieure, 46 Rue d Ulm, 75230 Paris Cedex 05, France... 

Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Science and College of Science, Department III, Warsaw, Poland and Labo de Physique, Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon, Lyon, France... 

This work is supported by the KBN grant 2P03B12516 and 5P03B09421. RH acknowledges with appreciation the hospitality of Ecole Normale Superieure and the stipendship from the French Ministry of Education. AA appreciates interesting discussions with Prof. H. Tanaka, Dr T. Araki, Prof. T. Hashimoto, and Dr. K. Moorthi. 

Gwilherm Evano was born in 1977 in Paris he studied chemistry at the Ecole Normale Superieure in Paris and received his Ph.D. from Universite Pierre et Marie Curie in 2002 under the supervision of Professors Francois Couty and Claude Agami. After postdoctoral study with Professor James S. Panek at Boston University, he became assistant professor at the University of Versailles in 2004. His research interests concern the field of asymmetric synthesis of nitrogen heterocycles as well as their reactivity and the total synthesis of natural products. 

Bulletin de la Societe des Amis de I Ecole Normale Superieure... 

Laboratoire de Chimie de l Ecole Normale Superieure Bibliotheque Lincoln College, Oxford, Library... 

In chapters 6 through 8,1 concentrate in considerable detail on two research schools that sought to unify organic chemistry and physical chemistry with theoretical foundations built on the ion and electron theory. These schools are loosely designated the "Paris" and the "London-Manchester" schools, where "school" connotes a network of personal and professional associations over several generations at the Ecole Normale Superieure, in the first case, and at London University and the University of Manchester, in the second case. 

In later chapters, I analyze two broadly defined research schools, one in France and another in England, and their roles in the development of the discipline of a theoretical chemistry distinct from physical chemistry and theoretical physics. One group, which I call the Paris school, established the field of theoretical chemistry at the Ecole Normale Superieure. It was allied with organic chemistry, on the one hand, and physical chemistry, on the other. The second school, which I call the London-Manchester school, similarly combined problems and approaches from organic and physical chemistry but more daringly dabbled in the physics of electron theory and quantum mechanics. Thus, the discipline of theoretical chemistry took different forms in the two national traditions. 

See Addendum I in G. N. Burkhardt, Arthur Lapworth and Others, typescript in Robert Robinson papers, Library of the Royal Society of London. Students preparing the diplome d etudes superieures in chemistry at the Ecole Normale Superieure in the 1920s were asked to discuss questions in the oral part of the juried examination. Topics included catalysis, stereochemistry of salt complexes, and the origins of atomic notation. See bound copy of examination memoirs, presented to Albert Kirrmann, in archives of Ecole Normale Superieure Laboratoire de Chimie. 

Lespieau took pride in the fact that not all his students became chemists. "II ne me gardent pas rancune de leur avoir dit que la chimie peut marcher seule, sans avoir besoin d etre soutenue par sa soeur, la physique." He also commented that some of his students became naturalists and mineralogists, a field in which he also was interested. In Robert Lespieau, "Remise de l epee d academicien a Robert Lespieau. Ecole Normale Superieure 261-1935, Remerciements du recipiendaire." Two-page typescript. Courtesy of ENS Bibliotheque des Lettres. 

Hardly any French scientists studied abroad. Kirrmann was unusual in his decision to spend a year in Munich in 1930, but he had, after all, been born in German Alsace. John C. Smith notes in his history of Oxford s Dyson Perrins Laboratory, directed by Robert Robinson in the 1920s and 1930s, that there was a great mixture there of ages and nationalities among the twenty or so research students each year but never, until 1947, a French person. 91 This insularity contributed to the closure of the boundaries of the research school associated with Lespieau s laboratory at the Ecole Normale Superieure and to its exclusion from the wider disciplinary history of physical organic chemistry and theoretical chemistry. 

Kirrmann and his colleagues in theoretical chemistry at the Ecole Normale Superieure still continued to look forward to the day when theoretical chemistry and theoretical physics would share laurels for I esprit de geometrie in understanding the natural world. 

Kastler, Alfred, and Yves Noel, eds. Hommage a Albert Kirrmann. Paris Ecole Normale Superieure, 1970. 18 pp. 

Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon 46 AI lee d Italic 69007 Lyon, France... 

Marechal C (1998) Geochimie des isotopes du Cuivre et du Zinc. Methode, variabilites naturelles, et application oceanographique, Lyon Thesis Ecole Normale Superieure, 253 p Marechal C, Albarede F (2002) Ion-exchange fractionation of copper and zinc isotopes. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 66 1499-1509... 

Laboratoire Joliot-Curie, Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon, 46 Allee d ltalie, 69007 Lyon, France Laboratoire de Biologic Moleculaire de la Cellule, CNRS-UMR 5161/INRA 1237/IFR128 Biosciences Lyon-Gerland Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon, 46 Allee d ltalie, 69007 Lyon, France Institut Albert Bonniot, INSERM U309, 38706 La Tranche cedex, France... 

E. B. Brodie oe Brodie, Laboratoire Joliet-Curie et Laboratoire de Physique, CNRS, Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon, 6934 Lyon Cedex 07, Lrance... 

Yves Pomeau, Laboratoire de Physique Statistique de L Ecole Normale Superieure, 75231 Cedex 05, Lrance. Present Address Department of Mathematics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA... 

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