Chemical accident risk

Belke, J. C. 2001. Chemical accident risks in U.S. industry A preliminary analysis of accident risk data from U.S. hazardous chemical facilities. In Proceedings of the Tenth International Symposium on Loss Prevention and Safety Promotion in the Process Industries, Stockholm, Sweden. Amsterdam Elsevier Science. 

OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) (2001) The Chemical Accident Risk Assessment Thesaurus (CARAT) http //wwwl. oecd.oig, 2001. 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Eist of Regulated Substances and Thresholdsfor Accidental Release Prevention and Risk Management Programsfor Chemical Accident Release Prevention Tide 40, Part 68, Subpart C, of the Code of Eederal Regulations (40 CER 68), Federal Register h9(fE) 4493 (fan. 

Wade, D. E. (1987). Reduction of Risks by Reduction of Toxic Material Inventory. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Preventing Major Chemical Accidents, February 3-5, 1987, Washington, D. C., ed. J. L. Woodward, 2.1-2.8. New York American Institute of Chemical Engineers. 

Latent cancer is calculated to be the primary risk from a nuclear accident (this may be due to the conservatism in the low-dose models). At Chernobyl, most of the deaths were from fire and impact. Chemical process risk depends on the chemicals being processed. Experience shows that processing poisons poses the highest risk to public and workers. 

Brown, D. F., W. E. Dunn, and M. A. Lazaro, 1997a, CASRAM The Chemical Accident Stochastic Risk Assessment Model Technical Documentation, BetaVersion 0.8, ANL,... 

The Fatal Accident Rate (FAR) is tlie nmiiber of fatal accidents per 1,000 workers in a working lifetime (10 lir). A responsible chemical company typically displays a FAR equal to 2 for chemical process risks such as fires, tovic releases or spillage of corrosive chemicals. Identify potential problem areas tliat may develop for a company if acceptable FAR numbers are e.vceeded. 

STABREX Stabilized Liquid Bromine9 is far more stable than liquid chlorine bleach. For example, several tons of the new product were shipped to India and stored for one year above 90 °F. The product remained within specification (less than 10% degraded) for the entire year, after which it was successfully used to control fouling in an industrial water system. Chlorine would have completely degraded in this time under these conditions. Chemical wastage was eliminated. Accident risk in transporting oxidant was reduced because less volume was necessary. Table 2 shows the stability of the new product compared to industrial strength chlorine bleach in well-controlled laboratory tests. 

The benefits of replacing chlorine with STABREX are in reducing environmental toxicity (because it is less toxic to aquatic wildlife), in reducing accident risk (because it is less hazardous and easier to handle), and in reducing chemical waste (because it works better, is more stable in transport/storage, is less volatile and less reactive). Environmental toxicity and accident risk have been substantially reduced in more than 2,500 industrial water systems worldwide. 

A list of accidents related to hydrogen collected from some accident databases, such as UNEP, OECD, MHDAS, and BARPI, is shown in Table 16.1 [3,14]. This is not a complete list of all accidents involving hydrogen, and the databases should be extensively updated. Yet, these characteristic examples prove that, in practice, hydrogen is liable to major chemical accidents posing a considerable risk not only for onsite, but also for offsite damage as well. 

Keywords Hazardous chemical substances Chemical Accidents Chemical Terrorism Risk Assessment in Chemical Threats Public Health Education. 

Boykin, R. F., and M. Kazarians, "Quantitative Risk Assessment for Chemical Operations," in Proceedings of the International Symposium on Prevention cf Major Chemical Accidents, p. 1. 87, Center for Chemical Process Safety/AIChE, New York, NY (1987). 

Secondary prevention and mitigation, by themselves, are unable to eliminate the risk of serious or catastrophic chemical accidents, although improved process safety management can reduce their probability and severity. Most chemical production involves transformation processes, which are inherently complex and tightly coupled. Normal accidents are an unavoidable risk of systems with these characteristics [11]. However, the risk of serious, or catastrophic, consequences need not be. Specific industries use many different processes. In many cases, alternative chemical processes exist which completely or almost completely eliminate the use of highly toxic, volatile, or flammable chemicals [12]. 

Acid-base chemical accidents had already started earlier because of the industrial revolution but, as we know, the attention paid to the workers and risks on the workplace had been very dehcient for a long time. 

Chemicals are omnipresent in our world today. Chemical risk is a permanent issue in our everyday environment, obviously on work premises, and may also be caused by different circumstances of chemical assaults. Among all chemical accidents, eye projections are a specific issue because of the vulnerability of ocular structures and also because of the risk of major functional after-effects. Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) is a division of the American Chemical Society. This International database of the American Chemical Society is a worldwide reference registering... 

The five chapters of this act include a framework plan for hazardous chemicals control, TRI, etc. new chemical notification, risk assessment, etc. safe control of toxic chemicals, banned or restricted chemicals, responses to chemical accidents, etc. supplementary provisions penalty provisions. 

Select chemicals and their physical forms to minimize the potential for chemical accidents, including explosions, fires, and releases to the environment. Whenever possible, select lower energy forms of substances to minimize the energy needed as well as the energy content in case of accident. Avoid substances that are corrosive, highly reactive, or acutely toxic. Inherently safer chemistry reduces the risk from accidents as well as intentional harm. 

The purpose of the RMP is to reduce chemical risk at the local level. This information helps local fire, police, and emergency response personnel (who must prepare for and respond to chemical accidents) and is useful to individuals in understanding the chemical hazards in communities. Ideally, making the RMPs available to the public stimulates communication between industry and the public to improve accident prevention and emergency response practices at the local level. 

AIChE created the Center for Chemical Process Safety (CCPS) in 1985 after the chemical disasters in Mexico City, Mexico, and Bhopal, India. The CCPS is chartered to develop and disseminate technical information for use in the prevention of major chemical accidents. The center is supported by more than 100 chemical process industry sponsors that provide the necessary funding and professional guidance to its technical committees. The major product of CCPS activities has been a series of guidelines to assist those implementing various elements of a process safety and risk management system. This book is part of that series. 

Organization for Economic Coordination and Development (OECD), Guidance on Safety Performance Indicators related to Chemical Accident Prevention, Preparedness and Response for Industry, 2nd Edition, OECD Environment, Health and Safety Publications, Series on Chemical Accidents No. 19, Paris, 2008 Phimister, J. et al., Near-Miss Incident Management in the Chemical Process Industry, Risk Analysis, Vol. 23, No. 3,2003... 

Nevada Chemical Accident Prevention Program Delaware Risk Management Program California Accidental Release Prevention Program Contra Costa County (California) Industrial Safety Ordinance... 

Section 112(r) of the CAA establishes a list of substances that, if present in a quantity in excess of a specific threshold, would require that the facility establish a risk management program to prevent chemical accidents, prepare a risk management plan, and submit the plan to the State and local emergency planning organizations. Carbonyl sulfide is regulated under CAA 112(r) because of its chemical property as a flammable gas. 

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