Charge-coupled device systems

D.. Burt, "Eabrication Technology for Charge-Coupled Devices," ia M.. Howes and D. V. Morgan, eds.. Charge Coupled Devices and Systems,]ohxs... 

An x-ray area detector can be used to collect the intensities of many reflections at a time. The crystal must be oriented in many different settings with respect to the incident beam but the detector needs to be positioned at only a few positions to collect all of the data. A charge coupled device (CCD) is used as the area detector on the Siemens SMART single crystal diffractometer system. The SMART detector consists of a flat 6-cm circular phosphorescent screen that converts x-ray photons to visible light photons. The screen is coupled to a tapered fiber optics bundle which is then coupled to a one inch by one inch square CCD chip. The CCD chip has 1024 x 1024 pixels each of which stores an electrical charge proportional to the number of... 

Jackson, P., The use of polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis for the high-reso-lution separation of reducing saccharides labeled with the fluorophore 8-ami-nonaphthalene-l,3,6-trisulfonic acid. Detection of picomolar quantities by an imaging system based on a cooled charge-coupled device, Biochem. ]., 270, 705, 1990. 

The spectroscopy system uses a dispersive element and a detector which is either a charge-coupled device (CCD) or a diode array. A computer is required for instrument control and for intensive data processing. 

Because of the double exposure, the preparation suffers from increased bleaching and photodamage. Furthermore, split-imaging on charge-coupled-device (CCD) systems (see Textbox 1) is not an option. Nevertheless, excitation ratioing may be an economic choice for laboratories that have an old Fura-imaging setup. These microscopes often allow very fast excitation switching... 

Using the same PAbs an optical biosensor system has been developed for 2,4,6-TCP [224]. The principle is the detection of laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) in single microdroplets by a homogeneous quenching fluorescence immunoassay (QFIA). The competitive immunoassay occurs in microdroplets (d=58.4 mm) produced by a piezoelectric generator system. A continuous Ar ion laser (488 nm) excites the fluorescent tracer and its fluorescence is detected by a spectrometer attached to a cooled, charge-coupled device (CCD) camera... 

Scientific data, growth of, 21 612-613 Scientific Design water-based collection and refining system, 15 506 Scientific evidence, 12 90 Scientific grade charge-coupled devices,... 

List of Abbreviations BCIP, 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl phosphate, toluidine salt CCD, charged-coupled device CNS, central nervous system cDNA, copy or complimentary RNA cRNA, copy or complimentary RNA DNase, deoxyribonuclease FITC, fluorescein isothiocyanate mRNA, messenger RNA NBT, nitro blue tetrazolium choride PCR, polymerase chain reaction RNase, ribonclease... 

The use of a sensitive camera system, such as a cooled charged-coupled device (CCD) camera, facilitates resolution and recording of the image, including the pseudocolors generated by probes 4-7. 

Sapsford etal. (2001) examined microarray-based antibody-antigen binding kinetics in real time to determine the effect of spot size. Capture antibodies were immobilized in an array pattern onto silver-clad microscope slides. Antimouse IgG was directly attached to the surface or attached via neutravidin capture of the biotinylated antibody. Cy5-labeled mouse IgG capture was monitored based upon the signal generated from the excitation of an evanescent wave guide (slide) with a 635-nm laser source detection was achieved by a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera system. Both static and flow-through conditions were employed. 

Recently, an automatic color video image analysis system was developed to quantify antigen expression (androgen receptor) (Kim et al.,T999a). This system provides a linear relationship between the antigen content and mean optical density of the immunoperoxidase-substrate reaction product. Titration of antibody, concentration, and reaction duration of the substrate can be optimized with this system. The imaging hardware consists of a Zeiss microscope, a three-chip charge-coupled-device camera, a camera control board, and a Pentium-based personal computer. 

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