Chambers, processing

Figure 10.5. The Lead Chamber process for the manufacture of sulphuric acid...

H2O) made by the older chamber process and was suitable for use ia tropical climates. Ia less developed or remote areas, bleaching powder may stiU be prepared oa a small scale by generating CI2 from Ma02, NaCl, and H2SO4, and treating it with hydrated lime placed on shelves ia an absorption chamber (245). 

Catalytic processes may be homogeneous in the liquid or gas phase (for instance, nitrogen oxides in the Chamber process for sulfuric acid), but iudustrial examples are most often heterogeneous with a... 

The reaction section consists of the high pressure reactors filled with catalyst, and means to take away or dissipate the high heat of reaction (300-500 Btu/lb of olefin polymerized). In the tubular reactors, the catalyst is inside a multiplicity of tubes which are cooled by a steam-water condensate jacket. Thus, the heat of reaction is utilized to generate high pressure steam. In the chamber process, the catalyst is held in several beds in a drum-type reactor with feed or recycled product introduced as a quench between the individual beds. 

Sulfuric acid is, by far, the most widely manufactured chemical. Burning sulfur, in air produces sulfur dioxide, which, when combined with water, gives sulfurous acid. Combining the dioxide with oxygen forms the trioxide which, when combined with water forms sulfuric acid. When this process take place in a chamber, it is called the chamber process. 

The contact process which replaced the chamber process reacts the products using a platinum or a vanadium catalyst. 

Sulfonic acids containing nitrogen have long been implicated as essential intermediates in the synthesis of H2SO4 by the lead-chamber process (p. 708) and, as shown by F. Seel and his group, the crucial stage is the oxidation of sulfite ions by the nitrosyl ion NO+ ... 

Nitrose, /. (Sulfuric Acid) a solution of nitro-sylsulfuric acid in sulfuric acid, formed in the lead-chamber process. 

The older process is called the lead chamber process. It uses a mixture of gaseous oxides of nitrogen—nitric oxide, NO, and nitrogen dioxide, N02—as the catalyst. This process has been in use and under development for over 200 years. It is named after the large room-like chambers lined with lead in which the gaseous reactions are carried out. The lead walls react with the acid and become coated with an inert protective coating of lead sulfate. 

Formed as an intermediate in the Pb chamber process for sulfuric acid by the reaction of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen trioxide, oxygen and w (chamber crystals) (Refs 1 2). Can be prepd from Ag acid sulfate and nitrosyl bromide (Ref 4)... 

Timescales of Magma Chamber Processes and Dating of Young Volcanic Rocks... 

TIMESCALES OF MAGMA TRANSFER AND MAGMA CHAMBER PROCESSES... 

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