Process chamber, apparatus design

Image analysis for density measurement was made on the longitudinal cross-section of 11-layered TlBj-Cu FGM processed under 5MPa (in self-designed combustion chamber) and processed under 1 IMPa in HIP apparatus R120. The results are shown in table 1. 

Compared to the above-mentioned methods, exposure of cells at the air-liquid interface (ALI) is the most realistic method. Using the ALI system, the apical surface of the epithelial cell monolayer is exposed to PM while the basolateral surface of the cells is fed with the medium through the porous membrane (Aufderheide 2005) (Fig. 1). In this process, the PM characteristics remain unchanged prior to deposition. The Navicyte Horizontal Diffusion Chamber (Harvard Apparatus, USA) is one such system. It is designed to expose cells to the atmosphere while media is supplied through a porous membrane. The exposure chamber is mounted on a heated block at 37 °C (Bakand et al. 2006). Aufderheide... 

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