Drums types

Rotating-Drum Type This type (Fig. 11-55 a and b) is not an adaptation of a material-handling device (though volumetric material throughput is a first consideration) but is designed specifically for... 

FIG. 19-32 Revolving-drum-type dense-media separatory vessel. (Coutiesy of Vesie7n Machinery Co.)... 

Rotating-drum-type and belt-type heat-transfer equipment forms granular products directly from fluid pastes and melts without intermediate preforms. These processes are described in Sec. 5 as examples of indirect heat transfer to and from the solid phase. When solidification results from melt freezing, the operation is known as flaking. If evaporation occurs, solidification is by diying. 

TABLE 21-19 Performance Testing of Steel Drums—Type A for Packaging Group II... 

Steam-Generator Circulation System Circulation systems for utility application are generally classified as natural circulation and forced or pump-assisted circulation in drum-type boilers, and as once-through now in subcritical- and supercriticaf-pressure boilers. The... 

Figure 1-39. Comparison of a drum type HRSG to a onoe through steam generator. (Courtesy Innovative Steam Teehnoiogies.)...

Rotor construction tends to vary from vendor to vendor. The blades are attached to the outer surface of the rotor. The rotor may be of basic disc or drum type construction, with the disc type having some variations. The two most common disc construction modes are shrunk discs on a shaft and stacked discs, normally through-bolted together. A final method is the solid rotor construction. 

The reaction section consists of the high pressure reactors filled with catalyst, and means to take away or dissipate the high heat of reaction (300-500 Btu/lb of olefin polymerized). In the tubular reactors, the catalyst is inside a multiplicity of tubes which are cooled by a steam-water condensate jacket. Thus, the heat of reaction is utilized to generate high pressure steam. In the chamber process, the catalyst is held in several beds in a drum-type reactor with feed or recycled product introduced as a quench between the individual beds. 

Table 12.2 (ASME Consensus table 1) Suggested water chemistry limits. Industrial watertube, high duty, primary fuel fired, drum type Makeup water percentage Up to 100% of feedwater. Conditions Includes superheater, turbine drives or process restriction on steam purity Saturated steam purity target See tabulated values below... 

Table 12.3 (ASME Consensus table 2) Suggested chemistry limits. Industrial water-tube, high duty, primary fuel fired, drum type.

FW values for marine propulsion, WT, oil-fired, drum-type boilers assume 100 cycles of concentration (COC) to BW and are not restricted to any specific MU water pretreatment. 

Table 12.6 (ASME Consensus table 5) Suggested water chemistry limits. Marine propulsion, watertube, oil fired drum type...

When a-sulfo fatty acid esters are used as the major active component in detergents they can cause problems because of their foaming properties. In European horizontal drum-type automatic washers they produce too much foam, and in the rinse cycle of the American and Japanese pulsator-type washers the foam cannot be completely rinsed out [38]. The problem of inefficient rinsing can be solved by the addition of soap [63] or sulfonated unsaturated fatty acid esters [64]. For European applications special foam inhibitors are needed. 

In a dry drum-type magnetic separator, the magnetic force, Fm, acting on a particle on the drum surface is given by... 

Since Fm and Fc are both proportional to the particle volume, the particle size does not figure in the above relationship for the critical rotation speed. This means that the dry drum type magnetic separator can be used in the treatment of a feed containing particles with a wide range of sizes. 

Figure 5. Drum-Type Stripping Machine with Automatic Controls...

Automatic Stripper. A photograph of the drum-type stripper is shown in Figure 5. 

For the past 2 years the output of analyses has been increased greatly, particularly with penetration studies, by utilization of wet-processing techniques and development of several new pieces of apparatus. This equipment includes the revolving drum-type stripping machine and especially adapted drill press used also for parathion studies. A detailed description of this press has been published ( ), and the stripping machine and accessory equipment have been described (5). 

Dolliver et al. [74] Managed pile (12 m3) and also in vessel composting units (rotating drum type) Turkey manure Chlortetracycline (CTC), monensin, sulfamethazine (SMZ) and tylosin (TYL)... 

Plate-and-frame filter presses are particularly suited to batch operations. Modern frames are made of polymers (mainly polypropylene), which have replaced wood as a building material. Large amounts of products, on the other hand, are filtered routinely via continuous-belt filters or rotary drum-type filters. Following the filtration step, inorganic salts are removed by washing with water. 

Because of its versatility and simplicity, one of the most widely used vacuum filters is the rotary drum filter and a filter of this type was patented in England in 1872 by William and James Hart. The basic design varies with different manufacturers, although essentially all drum type vacuum filters may be divided into two categories ... 

The most frequently used continuous drum type filters fall into the first category. These give maximum versatility, low cost per unit area, and also allow a wide variation of the respective time periods devoted to filtration, washing and drying. 

Table 7.4. Filtration cycles for drum-type rotary vacuum filter (times in seconds)... 

Power plant boilers are either of the once-through or dmm-type design. Once-through boilers operate under supercritical conditions and have no wastewater streams directly associated with their operation. Drum-type boilers operate under subcritical conditions where steam generated in the drum-type units is in equilibrium with the boiler water. Boiler water impurities are concentrated in the liquid phase. Boiler blowdown serves to maintain concentrations of dissolved and suspended solids at acceptable levels for boiler operation. The sources of impurities in the blowdown are the intake water, internal corrosion of the boiler, and chemicals added to the boiler. Phosphate is added to the boiler to control solids deposition. 

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