Sulfuric acid chamber process

Sulfuric acid (chamber process) Soda ash (Le Blanc process)... 

W. Wyld, Manufacture of Sulfuric Acid (Chamber Process) Series on Manufacture of Acids and Alkalis, Vol. 2, Ed. by Lange, Gurney and Jackson, London, 1924, p. 124. 

Nitrobenzene [98-95-3]y C H N02 is produced by the nitration of benzene with a mixture of nitric and sulfuric acid. A process for the manufacture of aniline [62-53-3] C HyN, from nitrobenzene is shown in Figure 3 (16). Nitrobenzene, which contains less than 10 ppm nitrothiophene, a catalyst poison, is fed to a vaporizer where it is vaporized. As the gaseous nitrobenzene leaves the vaporizer, it is mixed with a 200% excess of hydrogen gas. The gaseous mixture then passes upward through a porous distributor plate into the reduction chamber of the fluidized-bed reactor which contains the... 

First sulfuric acid contact process plant making oleiun from lead chamber acid. Squire and Messel ... 

Catalytic processes may be homogeneous in the liquid or gas phase (for instance, nitrogen oxides in the Chamber process for sulfuric acid), but iudustrial examples are most often heterogeneous with a... 

Sulfuric acid is, by far, the most widely manufactured chemical. Burning sulfur, in air produces sulfur dioxide, which, when combined with water, gives sulfurous acid. Combining the dioxide with oxygen forms the trioxide which, when combined with water forms sulfuric acid. When this process take place in a chamber, it is called the chamber process. 

Nitrose, /. (Sulfuric Acid) a solution of nitro-sylsulfuric acid in sulfuric acid, formed in the lead-chamber process. 

Formed as an intermediate in the Pb chamber process for sulfuric acid by the reaction of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen trioxide, oxygen and w (chamber crystals) (Refs 1 2). Can be prepd from Ag acid sulfate and nitrosyl bromide (Ref 4)... 

Acetate A general name for processes for making cellulose acetate fibers. Cellulose is acetylated, dissolved in acetone, and spun into fibers by injecting through orifices into heated chambers. Cellulose mono-acetate is made by acetylating with a mixture of acetic acid, acetic anhydride, and sulfuric acid as the catalyst. Cellulose tri-acetate is made in a similar fashion, but using perchloric acid as the catalyst, and dry-spinning from a solution in ethanol/ methylene chloride. Cellulose tri-acetate fibers were first made commercially by Courtaulds in London in 1950. 

Squire and Messel An early process for making oleum from sulfuric acid produced by the Chamber process. The acid was decomposed at red heat to sulfur dioxide, oxygen, and steam the steam was condensed out, and the remaining gases passed over platinized pumice to form sulfur trioxide, which was absorbed in more chamber acid. Invented by W. S. Squire and R. Messel in 1875 in London and first commercialized there. Messel was one of the founders of the Society of Chemical Industry and is still commemorated in that society by the biennial award of a medal. 

To date, the single most important commercial use of lead is in the manufacture of lead-acid storage batteries. However, for most of the twentieth century, the most important environmental source of Pb was gasoline combnstion. It is also used in alloys, such as fusible metals, antifriction metals, and solder. Lead foil is made with lead alloys. Lead is used for covering cables and as a lining for laboratory sinks, tanks, and the chambers in the lead-chamber process for the manufacture of sulfuric acid. It is used extensively in plumbing. Because it has excellent vibration-dampening characteristics, lead is often used to support heavy machinery. 

Late 1800s The lead chamber process for manufacturing sulfuric acid was prevalent in this period. Arsenic was a common contaminant in the pyrites used as a source of sulfur for this process. Now the cleaner contact process is used and most of the raw material is elemental sulfur. 

Sulfuric acid is manufactured by two processes namely, the chamber process and the contact process. The chamber process was discovered in 1746 and was used to produce sulfuric acid for over a century. This process was replaced hy the contact process which has a lower production cost and yields a more concentrated acid needed for most industrial applications. The chamber process is obsolete now but for historical interest it is outlined below. 

In 1746 Dr. John Roebuck (1718-1794), of Birmingham, and Samuel Garbett substituted lead chambers, each about six feet square, for the glass globes introduced six years previously by Joshua Ward (22), an improvement which cut down the cost of producing the acid to one-fourth of its former amount (12, 13). Three years later, after the substitution of sulfuric acid for sour milk in the old process of bleaching had created a demand for the acid, Roebuck and Garbett erected a sulfuric acid plant at Prestonpans, on the east coast of Scotland (14). Since a salt industry also flourished there, Prestonpans was named for the salt pans. 

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