Cerebral blood flow metabolism

MacMillan, V.H. 1989. Cerebral energy metabolism in cyanide encephalopathy. Jour. Cerebral Blood Flow Metabol. 9 156-162. 

H. Nawashiro, D. Martin, and J. M. Hallenbeck, Inhibition of Tumor Necrosis Factor and Amelioration of Brain Infarction in Mice, Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow Metabolism, 17 (1997) 229-232. 

R. L. Zhang, M. Chopp, Z. G. Zhang, M. L. Phillips, C. L. Rosenbloom, R. Cruz,and A. Manning, E-Selectin on Focal Cerebral Ischemia and Reperfusion in the Rat, Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow Metabolism, 16 (1996) 1126-1136. 

Nervous System The effects of etomidate on cerebral blood flow, metabolism, and intracranial pressure (ICP) and intraocular pressure are similar to those of thiopental. Etomidate is not a proven treatment for seizures. 

Winship, I.R., et al. Augmenting collateral blood flow during ischemic stroke via transient aortic occlusion. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow Metabolism 34(1), 61-71 (2014)... 

Clarkson, A.N., et al. Multimodal examination of structural and functional remapping in the mouse photothrombotic stroke model. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow Metabolism 33(5), 716-723 (2013)... 

Chem, C.M., Kuo, T.B., Sheng, W.Y., Wong, W.J., Luk, Y.O., Hsu, L.C., Hu, H.H. (1999) Spectral analysis of artoial blood pressure and cerebral blood flow velocity during supine rest and orthostasis. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow Metabolism 19 1136-1141. 

Leybaert L. Neurobarrier coupling in the brain A partner of neurovascular and neurometaboUc coupling Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow Metabolism. 2005 25 2-16. 

In the face of the failure of rational approaches in the treatment of AzD it is perhaps not surprising that there have been many less rational ones. These include the use of vasodilators and nootropics. The former, such as hydergine, a mixture of ergot alkaloids, are intended to increase cerebral blood flow and neuronal metabolism despite some reduction in blood pressure, while the latter, like piracetam, are metabolic stimulants that increase cerebral metabolism and ATP production. Neither are of proven value in AzD. 

During phase I, each seizure causes a sharp increase in autonomic activity with increases in epinephrine, norepinephrine, and steroid plasma concentrations, resulting in hypertension, tachycardia, hyperglycemia, hyperthermia, sweating, and salivation. Cerebral blood flow is also increased to preserve the oxygen supply to the brain during this period of high metabolic demand. Increases in sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation with muscle hypoxia can lead to ventricular arrhythmias, severe acidosis, and rhabdomyolysis. These, in turn, could lead to hypotension, shock, hyperkalemia, and acute tubular necrosis. 

Relatively few human imaging studies have evaluated the effects of marijuana or THC on metabolism or blood flow. Acute intravenous THC in both normal controls and habitual marijuana users led to increased an increased regional cerebral metabolic rate (CMR) in the cerebellum. This increase is positively correlated both with concentrations of THC in the plasma and with the intensity of the subjective sense of intoxication [5]. In a 1997 PET/[lsO]water study with 32 abusers [6], THC dose-depend-ently increased cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the frontal regions, insula... 

Kennedy, C. Sokoloff, L. (1957). An adaptation of the nitrous oxide method to the study of the cerebral circulation in children normal values for cerebral blood flow and cerebral metabolic rate during childhood. J. Clin. Invest. 36, 1130-7. 

Bayir, H. et al. (2005) Enhanced oxidative stress in iNOS-deficient mice after traumatic brain injury support for a neuroprotective role of iNOS. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow el Metabolism, 25 (6), 673-684. 

Cerebral metabolic rate declines from developmental levels and plateaus after maturation. Reliable quantitative data on the changes in cerebral circulation and metabolism in humans from the middle of the first decade of life to old age have been reported [2,39,44]. By 6 years of age, cerebral blood flow and oxygen consumption already have attained high rates, and they decline thereafter to the rates of normal young adulthood [45]. Oxygen is utilized in the brain almost entirely for the oxidation of carbohydrates [46]. The equation for the complete oxidation of glucose is ... 

Linde, R., Schmalbruch, I. K., Paulson, O. B. etal. The Kety-Schmidt technique for repeated measurements of global cerebral blood flow and metabolism in the conscious rat. Acta Physiol. Scand. 165 395-401,1999. 

Nakao, Y., Itoh, Y., Kuang, T. Y. etal. Effects of anesthesia on functional activation of cerebral blood flow and metabolism. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98 7593-7598, 2001. 

Takahashi, T., Shirane, R., Sato, S. etal. Developmental changes of cerebral blood flow and oxygen metabolism in children. Am. J. Neuroradiol. 20 917-922,1999. 

Paulson, O. B. Blood-brain barrier, brain metabolism and cerebral blood flow. Eur. Neuropharmacol. 12 495-501, 2002. 

Measurements of regional cerebral blood flow by PET and of cerebral perfusion by SPECT often detect functional abnormalities before CT or MRI identifies morphological abnormalities 945 The PET method is a valuable tool for the estimation of regional glucose and oxygen metabolic rates and cerebral blood flow 946 PET and SPECT combined with principles of receptor binding permit imaging of receptors in the intact brain 946... 

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