Cell morphology evaluation

In addition to flow cytometers, cytometric instrumentation has evolved to include Laser Scanning Cytometry (LSC). The LSC is a cross between a flow cytometer and an imaging cytometer. Data are equivalent to the flow cytometer but is slide-based. Endpoints include light scatter and fluorescence, but the instrument can also record position of individual cells on the slide so that cells of interest can be relocated and re-evaluated or photographed. LSC is valuable when cell morphology is important. 

Oxidative damage to hemoglobin may lead to its precipitation (e.g., by acetaminophen) and present as Heinz bodies that can be detected by morphological evaluation of blood smears. Heinz body is a rounded, often retractile, projection from the surface of the RBC that is due to oxidation and denatur-ation of hemoglobin. Typically, the detection of Heinz bodies associated with hemolytic anemia is believed to be indicative of nonimmune-mediated anemia. In contrast, supportive evidence of the involvement of immune system components in anemic animals could include a positive autoagglutination of blood cells. 

P-Lactam antibiotics show their lethal effect by inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial peptidoglycan, thereby disrupting the cell morphology and eventually resulting in cell lysis and death. Because the antibacterial effect of P-lactam is affected by the permeability of the outer membrane of bacteria, it is important in the evaluation of drug efficiency... 

Several surface-bound receptors on cells, including EBP, have been studied to evaluate cell-matrix interactions, especially with elastin-derived matrices. Several studies have described the role of EBP elastin-binding interactions and downstream effects including cell proliferation, chemotaxis, and changes in cell morphology for several cell types including smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and MSCs [101-104]. 

Other Cell Culture-Based Assays for Cell/Tissue Compatibility In addition biocompatibility behavior can be evaluated by seeding cells directly on the test material (similar to the wash-and-plate assay described in Section 4.4.8) and subsequent analysis of cell adhesion, cell proliferation, cell morphology, and cytoskeletal organization and the presence of cell-secreted extracellular matrix (ECM). A proper cell adhesion and the formation of ECM proteins, like fibronectin, are, for instance, essential steps for successful tissue integration of biomaterials. 

Mechanical responses of cells to physical or chemical stimuli include cell growth patterns, morphology, adhesion, and motility. Many mammalian cells grown in culture are adherent. For such cells, the adhesive interactions with the physical environment (extracellular matrix or other cells) are a critical determinant of their biochemistry and behavior. Microfluidics has become a useful tool for studying these interactions. Many of these studies are reviewed elsewhere ( Cell Adhesion and Detachment), so the focus here is on assays that evaluate the effects of physical or chemical cues on cell morphology or motility. 

NR-polyeth- ylenimine/ polyallylamine hydrochloride Layer-by-layer technique Tissue engineering AFM and SEM morphology characterizing in vitro normal human fibroblast cell growth evaluation [91]... 

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