Agglutination, cell

Since the cell agglutinating form of ConA is a tetramer, a simple model for the potent activity of the polymers would be that the saccharide recognition elements presented by these agents can simultaneously bind two or more sites on the protein. A structural study of ConA reveals that adjacent saccharide binding... 

Other applications of QCM biosensors include real-time monitoring of the agglutination process of human hepatic normal cells (L-02) and hepatic cancer cells (Bel7402) on QCM electrode in the absence and presence of ConA and wheat germ agglutinin.70 This work demonstrated that the QCM measurement technique based on cell agglutination can be used for discriminating hepatic normal cells from hepatic cancer cells. 

Apart from antibodies detected by (a) the schizont-infected red cell agglutination test, (b) the agglutination of sporozoites, (c) complement fixation, (d) passive hemagglutination and by the direct and indirect immunofluorescent methods [for review, see reference (V4)], malarial antibodies have also been detected by malarial antigens prepared from heavily infected human placenta, infected human brain, and short-term in vivo cultures of cells from heavily parasitized subjects (Wll) (see Tables 7 and 8). 

Lectins are cell agglutinating proteins of nonim-mune origin that are widely distributed in nature, being found in plants, microorganisms and animals. 

Examination of the separated cells, which were obtained in good yield (up to 80 percent), showed that they were fully viable (>95 percent in each fraction). In all the properties tested (surface markers, response to mitogens and immunological activities), the cells agglutinated by peanut agglutinin were essentially identical with the immunologically immature cells, whereas the nonagglutinated fraction consisted of... 

The use of dextran gel spheres allows the effects of experimental conditions on agglutination to be studied relatively free of complications due to undefined changes in system properties. Variations in the ability of Con A to induce agglutination under different conditions as aforementioned, are attributed to the tetramer-dimer transition of the Con A molecule. Lack of agglutination is directly correlated with the conversion of Con A from the active tetramer form to the inactive dimer species. The results of this study support earlier contentions (6 8) that the effects of temperature on cell agglutination cannot be interpreted exclusively in terms of changes in cell surface properties. 

The lectins are saccharide-binding proteins that cause cell agglutination. The best characterized of the lectins is concanavalin A (Con A). Con A is devoid of carbohydrate binding activity in the absence of added metal. Each monomeric unit of Con A has two binding sites, named SI (the transition metal site) and S2 (the calcium site). The SI site binds a variety of divalent transition metals, including Mn, Ni, Co, Cd, Zn, Fe, and Cu, although Mn is probably the metal used in vivo. The S2 site is not formed until SI is occupied. Both SI and S2 must be occupied before saccharide will bind. 

H)-19-epiajmalicine, synthesis of 138 epimerizations 103, 178 epitopes, meaning of term 220, 253, 256 epoxides, formation of 112-15 erythrocytes [red blood cells], agglutination of... 

Lectin Molecular weight Native Subunit KDa KDa Subunit structure Specificity Cells agglutinated Reference(s)... 

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