Hemagglutination passive

Geoghegan, W.P., Ambegaonkar, N., and Calvanico, N. (1980) Passive gold agglutination An alternative to passive hemagglutination./. Immunol. Meth. 34, 11. 

Apart from antibodies detected by (a) the schizont-infected red cell agglutination test, (b) the agglutination of sporozoites, (c) complement fixation, (d) passive hemagglutination and by the direct and indirect immunofluorescent methods [for review, see reference (V4)], malarial antibodies have also been detected by malarial antigens prepared from heavily infected human placenta, infected human brain, and short-term in vivo cultures of cells from heavily parasitized subjects (Wll) (see Tables 7 and 8). 

When rabbits were immunized with the glycoconjugates suspended in Freund s complete adjuvant antibodies with specificity for the haptenic disaccharides were produced, as estimated in passive hemagglutination and complement-mediated bactericidal tests, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (12-15). 

Passive Hemagglutination and Hemolysis for Estimation of Antigens and Antibodies... 

This procedure is of great potential utility for the identification and enumeration of cells that secrete an antigenic product. Patterned after the assay just described, it employs similar techniques with two major differences The coating for the indicator red cells consists of purified antibody, as in the reverse passive hemagglutination previously described, and an antiserum against the secretion product is used as the developing agent. 

The antibody-coated red cells are prepared as previously described. It is particularly important for this procedure that the indicator red cells are absolutely free of clumps. The sensitivity of coated cells can be assayed by reverse passive hemagglutination if, as in the model under consideration, the antigen is available in soluble form. The cells under study are washed in suitable tissue culture medium or other buffered solution and suspended at a concentration of 10 per milliliter in the same diluent to which serum has been added (usually 1% fetal calf serum). A small volume (50-100 /U.1) of the cell suspension is placed in a 10 x 75 mm disposable tube. The addition of an equal volume of 1% coated red cells results in a mixture that contains about 25 red cells per lymphocyte. Linkage of antibody on the red cells to the corresponding antigen determinant on the surface of the lymphocyte results in the formation of a rosette or lymphocyte surrounded by red cells. The mixing of cells and incubation for at least 1 hr are done in an ice bath. The tubes are then centrifuged very briefly (1 min at 1000 g), and a drop of dye is added to tint the lymphocytes (e.g., crystal violet or brilliant cresyl blue). The mixture is then aspirated four or five times with a Pasteur pipette and examined in a hemacytometer chamber at about 400 x. A cell is scored as a rosette if it is surrounded by three or more adherent erythrocytes, and usually 300 cells are counted. 

There is no routine test for the diagnosis of trivial or cutaneous arachnidism. The use of a passive hemagglutination inhibition test has been used successfully to identify venom from Brown Recluse spider bites in animal studies. This test has not yet been used for diagnostic purposes in human trials and is not routinely available to clinicians. 

Barrett SM, Romine-Jenkins M, and Campbell JP (1989) Passive hemagglutination inhibition test for diagnosis of Brown Recluse spider bite envenomation. Annals of Emergency Medicine 18 441. 

In indirect or passive hemagglutination, the erythrocytes are used as a particulate carrier of foreign antigen (and in some tests of antibodies) this technique has wide applications. Other materials available in the form of fine particles, such as bentonite and latex, also have been used as antigen carriers, but they are more difficult to coat, standardize, and store. In a related variation of tliis technique, known as hemagglutination inhibition, the ability of antigens, haptens, or other substances to specifically inhibit hemagglutination of sensitized (coated) cells by antibody is determined. 

Tg antibodies are directed against the Tg protein, a major constituent of thyroid colloid. Several different techniques have been used to detect and quantify TgAb in peripheral blood. These include passive hemagglutination, the agar gel diffusion precipitin technique, immunofluorescence of tissue sections, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), radioassay techniques, and chemiluminescence-based immunometric assays. 

Johnson et al. (1973) first proposed the feasibility of application of an immunoassay method for the detection of insect pest contamination in food commodities. In their studies, crude extracts of individual insects such as D. melanogaster (eggs and adults), Plodia interpunctella (larvae), T. confusum (larvae), Ephestia elutella (larvae), S. oryzae (adults), and S. granarius (adults) served as antigens for the development of appropriate antibodies in rabbits. Subsequently, immunochemical tests comprising immunodiffusion and passive hemagglutination were conducted with insect extract samples to detect the pest. 

Serologic assays measuring the immune response to plague infection are mainly of value retrospectively, since patients present clinically before they develop a significant antibody response. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests and the older, less-sensitive passive hemagglutination as-... 

RAST (radioallergosorbent test) or enzyme assay (IgE, IgG) Histamine liberation from granulocytes Basophil degranulation test Passive hemagglutination Lymphocyte transformation test Macrophage inhibition test Rosette test... 

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