Saccharides recognition

Since the cell agglutinating form of ConA is a tetramer, a simple model for the potent activity of the polymers would be that the saccharide recognition elements presented by these agents can simultaneously bind two or more sites on the protein. A structural study of ConA reveals that adjacent saccharide binding... 

The simultaneous interaction of multiple saccharide epitopes of polyvalent ligands with oligomeric receptors can lead to interactions of high functional affinity when the orientation of the saccharide recognition elements corresponds to that of the receptor (O Fig. 8). The mechanism of affinity increase is often described as the chelate effect [52,53]. This idea is... 

Antibody-Antigen Binding A Context for Exploring Multivalent Saccharide Recognition... 

Membranes and Molecular Assemblies The Synkinetic Approach 6 Calixarenes Revisited 7 Self-assembly in Supramolecular Systems 8 Anion Receptor Chemistry 9 Boronic Acids in Saccharide Recognition 10 Calixarenes An Introduction, 2nd Edition 11 Polymeric and Self Assembled Hydrogels From Fundamental Understanding to Applications 12 Molecular Logic-based Computation 13 Supramolecular Systems in Biomedical Fields 14 Synthetic Receptors for Biomolecules Design Principles and Applications... 

Figure 16 l,l -Binaphthyl-substituted macrocycles as receptors for saccharide recognition based on the idea of a picket-fence porphyrin. 

The use of boronic acids in the development of fluorescent sensors for saccharides is a comparatively new field (Scheme 3). Following the first report by Yoon and Czamik" o-glucose selectivity was achieved in 1994 by James et al. A year later, this was followed up by enan-tioselective saccharide recognition. The intervening years have seen the field grow to the point where hundreds of publications now report on boronic acid-saccharide recog-... 

In the design of boronic acid-based sensor systems, it has been established that two receptor units are required if saccharide selectivity is to be achieved." " Retaining the same dual boronic acid recognition units throughout, a modular system in which the linker and fluorophore units of these sensors could be modified independently needed to be developed. The use of modular or core scaffolds for saccharide recognition has been championed by James, 3ng,i 1-82 5 Hall, and Singaram. i... 

James and Shinkai described compound A (Figure 17), ° showing excellent selectivity for glucose due to the preorganization of its bireceptor system. A milestone in the field of saccharide recognition developed by the same authors is compound B (Figure 17) whose enantiomer pair... 

T. D. James, M. D. Phillips, and S. Shinkai, Boronic Acids in Saccharide Recognition (Monographs in Supramolecular Chemistry), Royal Society of Chemistry Cambridge, 2006. 

This book, entitled Boron Sensing, Synthesis and Supramolecular Self-Assembly, is part of the Monographs in Supramolecular Chemistry series edited by Philip Gale and Jonathan Steed and follows in the footsteps of BoronicAcids in Saccharide Recognition released in 2006 as part of the same series and edited by Sir J. Fraser Stoddart. This present book extends the scope in that it covers all aspects of the supramolecular chemistry of boron and also includes many interesting developments in the use of boron-based synthetic building blocks. 

Dendrimer-saccharide conjugates are unique nanodevices in their ability to tightly bind lectins and other proteins with specific saccharide recognition capabilities [174], The multivalency of dendrimer surfaces allows for a cooperative binding effect. Where single saccharide-receptor interactions are relatively weak, the multiplicity of poly(valent) interactions introduced by conjugating a... 

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