Malarial antigen

Apart from antibodies detected by (a) the schizont-infected red cell agglutination test, (b) the agglutination of sporozoites, (c) complement fixation, (d) passive hemagglutination and by the direct and indirect immunofluorescent methods [for review, see reference (V4)], malarial antibodies have also been detected by malarial antigens prepared from heavily infected human placenta, infected human brain, and short-term in vivo cultures of cells from heavily parasitized subjects (Wll) (see Tables 7 and 8). 

Five out of six patients gave a positive precipitin test. Malarial antigen was extracted from human brain for gel diffusion tests. 

Discrete Malarial Antigens Classified according to Wilson et al. (W13)... 

Cohen, J., Druilhe, P. Immunogenic compositions comprising liver stage malarial antigens. WIPO WO/2002/038176 (2002). 

Schorr J, Knapp B, Hundt E, Kupper HA, Amann E, Surface expression of malarial antigens in Salmonella typhimurium Induction of serum antibody response upon oral vaccination of mice, Vaccine, 9 675-681, 1991. 

Leech, J. H., Barnwell, J. W., Miller, L. H., and Howard, R. J. (1984). Identification of a strain-specific malarial antigen exposed on the surface of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes. ]. Exp. Med. 159,1567-1575. 

Barriault C, Audet M, Yousef IM, Tuchweber B (1995) Effect of agents which modify reticuloendothelial function on acute phalloidin-induced lethality and hepatotoxic-ity in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 131 206-215 Bate CA, Taverne J, Playfair JH (1989) Soluble malarial antigens are toxic and induce the production of tumor necrosis factor in vivo. Immunol 66 600-605 Bathal PS, Powell LW, Mackay IR (1982) Apoptosis in autoimmune chronic active Hepatitis (CAH). Hepatol 2 154-155... 

Figure 9.26 Release of a malarial antigen from pLA and pLGA microspheres. Altering the composition and molecular weight of the polymer can influence release from microspheres. Here, the malarial antigen was released from three different formulations of biodegradable polyesters.

It may also be that the malarial antigen is inherently less immunogenic than that from S. aureus, in which case stronger adjuvants may be needed. 

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