Celanese company

Commercial Disperse Azo Dyes. The first proposal to use insoluble dyes in suspension in an aqueous foam bath, ie, disperse dyes, to dye cellulose acetate was in 1921 (60). Commercialization of disperse dyes began in 1924 with the introduction of the Duranol dyes by British Dyestuffs Corporation (61) and the SRA dyes by British Celanese Company (62). In contrast to the acid monoazo dyes, derivatives of benzene rather than of naphthalene are of the greatest importance as coupling components. Among these components mono- and dialkylariifines (especially A/-P-hydroxyethyl-and A/-(3-acetoxyethylanifine derivatives) are widely used couplers. Nitrodiazobenzenes are widely used as diazo components. A typical example is CeUiton Scarlet B [2872-52-8] (91) (Cl Disperse Red 1 Cl 11110). 

October 12, 1995 Hoechst-Celanese Company Glycolysis product... 

In 1992 BHC (Boots Hoechst-Celanese) Company commercialized a new synthetic process to manufacture ibuprofen in BHC s 3500 metric-ton-per-year facility in Bishop/TX, USA, which was cited as an industry model of environmental excellence in chemical processing technology. For its innovation, BHC was the recipient of the 1997 Alternative Synthetic Pathways Award of the Presidential Green Chemistry Challenge. 

The glycol ethers formed by reaction of an alcohol or phenol with ethylene or propylene oxide to yield a solvent with both an alcoholic and ether functional groups are discussed in Chapter 13. Major producers of the alcoholic solvents include BASF Corporation, Eastman Chemical Company, Exxon Chemical Company, Hoechst Celanese Company, Shell Chemical Company, and Union Carbide Corporation. This chapter will discuss the naming nomenclature for the alcohols, their physical properties, the various industrial uses, possible environmental concerns, and the safe handling of the alcohols. 

Source data compiled from product literature of BASF Corporation, Eastman Chemical Company, Exxon Chemical Company, Hoechst Celanese Company, QO Chemicals Inc., Shell Chemical Company, and Union Carbide Corporation. 

The first melt-processable (later categorized as thermotropic liquid-crystalline) polymer, based on p-hydroxybenzoic acid and biphenol tereph-thalate, was reported by Steven Cottis in 1972. This polymer is now available on the market as Xydar . In 1973, the first well-characterized thermotropic polymer, a copolyester of p-hydroxybenzoic acid and ethylene terephthalate, was patented by Herbert Kuhfuss and W. Jerome Jackson (Eastman-Kodak Co., USA). They reported the discovery of liquid-crystalline behaviour in this polymer in 1976. At the beginning of the 1980s, the Celanese Company developed a family of processable thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers based on hydroxybenzoic acid and hydroxynaphthoic acid, later named Vectra . 

This polymer was of interest to the Materials Laboratory and they had it developed by the Celanese Company to give probably the best heat resistant and fire resistant polymer that has been made. Its expense has prevented it from ever becoming very widely used. But it is oxidatively stable to about 300 C and it will not support combustion although it will burn slowly with direct flaming. It has a tensile strength comparable to a good nylon and it makes a comfortable fabric to wear because it transports moisture. 

In 1992,1 consulted with the safety steering committee of a Hoechst Celanese company of about 2000 employees to develop a plant-wide incentive program that followed each of the guidelines given previously. The steering committee, including four hourly and four salary employees, met several times to identify specific behavior-consequence contingencies. That is, they needed to decide what behaviors should earn what rewards. Their plan was essentially a "credit economy" where certain safe behaviors, which could be achieved by all employees, earned certain numbers of "credits."... 

TABLE 11.2 Yield of the Products of Oxidation of Hydrocarbons with Air or Oxygen by Means of the Technology Developed hy Celanese Company (kg/1 of Liquid Raw Material) [263 ... 

The technological schemes of the processes employed by the Celanese Company with the use of air (Pampa plant) and oxygen (Chemcel plant) as the oxidant and the description thereof are given in [265]. 

The Celanese Company constructed an installation in Pampa that performed the hquid-phase oxidahon of butane at a pressme of 60 atm the solvent was acehc acid, and the catalyst was cobalt, manganese, or nickel acetate [260]. 

The scientific-research and experimental work on fabrication of high-strength articles from a melt of LC polymers, particularly from a melt of thermotropic polyesters, has now apparently been completed. A new group of industrial self-reinforced thermoplastics (Excel, Xydar, Vectra, Ekonol based on p-hydroxybenzoic acid, hydroquinone, and terephthalic acid with 1,4-dioxydiphenyl and hydroxynaphthoic acid additives) has been created fix)m diem and successfully used in machine construction, in production of optical cables, electronics, and other areas of technology [60]. The Celanese Company (USA) is planning to produce LC polyesters industrially for use in plastic articles, fibers, and films with an output of 2200 tons/year with a subsequent increase in production to 4500 tons ear [61]. Japanese firms are also very interested in these polymers. 

The authors wish to acknowledge partial financial support fix>m the Office of Naval Research, the College of Human Ecology, the Department of Textiles and jparel, and the Sdiool of Chemical Engineering. The 4-acetoi ene was a gift from the Hoechst Celanese Company. The cooperation of Cornell s National Nanofabrication Facility was useful also. 

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