Castor oil surfactants

Natural Ethoxylated Fats, Oils, and Waxes. Castor oil (qv) is a triglyceride high in ticinoleic esters. Ethoxylation in the presence of an alkaline catalyst to a polyoxyethylene content of 60—70 wt % yields water-soluble surfactants (Table 20). Because alkaline catalysts also effect transestenfication, ethoxylated castor oil surfactants are complex mixtures with components resulting from transesterrfication and subsequent ethoxylation at the available hydroxyl groups. The ethoxylates are pale amber Hquids of specific gravity just above 1.0 at room temperature. They are hydrophilic emulsifiers, dispersants, lubricants, and solubilizers used as textile additives and finishing agents, as well as in paper (qv) and leather (qv) manufacture. 

Z)-N-(2-Aminoethyl-N -(2-(2-(8-heptadecenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-1-yl) ethyl) ethylenediamine Cetoleth-16 C9-15 fluoroalcohol phosphate Laureth-6 carboxylic acid Nonoxynol-19 PEG-3 cocamide PEG-6 cocamide PEG-20 hydrogenated castor oil PEG-50 hydrogenated tallowamide Quatemium-26 surfactant, epoxy part de-airing Polymethyloctylsiloxane Polytetradecylmethylsiloxane surfactant, epoxy polymers Octadecene/MA copolymer surfactant, essential oils PEG-33 hydrogenated castor oil surfactant, etchants... 

Sodium myristyl sulfate Sodium petroleum sulfonate TEA-lauryl sulfate Undeceth-8 surfactant, leather auxiliaries Lauryl phosphate surfactant, leather treatment Lecithin PEG-10 stearate surfactant, leather working Nonyl nonoxynol-1.5 Nonyl nonoxynol-2 surfactant, light duty detergents Ammonium laureth sulfate surfactant, liniments Sodium C12-18 alkyl sulfate surfactant, lip care Diisostearyl malate surfactant, liposoluble vitamins PEG-33 hydrogenated castor oil surfactant, lipsticks Myreth-3 myristate surfactant, liq. cleaners heavy-duty Sodium cocoamphoacetate... 

N,N-Dimethyl-N-tallow-N-(3-sulfopropyl)-ammonium betaine N,N-Distearyl-N-methyl-N-(3-sulfopropyl)-ammonium betaine surfactant, phytopharmaceuticals PEG-17 castor oil PEG-32 castor oil surfactant, pigment dispersions Disodium decyl diphenyl ether disulfonate PEG-2 cocomonium nitrate surfactant, pigments cosmetic powders C9-15 fluoroalcohol phosphate surfactant, pigments cosmetics Octyltriethoxysilane surfactant, plastic lubricants PEG-32 castor oil PEG-75 castor oil PEG-160 castor oil... 

PEG-33 hydrogenated castor oil surfactant, lipstick Alfbnic 1012-2.5 Alfonic 1012-3 Alibnic 1214-GC-2 Alfonic 1216-1.5 Alfonic 1216 CO-2 Alfonic 1412-3 Crystal Crown Foam-Col 4CT Foam-Col 5 Lexate PX Mytoth-3 myiistate STEPAN PTC... 

The formation of peroxides and formaldehyde in the high-purity polyoxyethylene surfactants in toiletries has been shown to lead to contact dermatitis [31], Peroxides in hydrogenated castor oil can cause autoxidation of miconazole [32], Oxidative decomposition of the polyoxyethylene chains occurs at elevated temperature, leading to the formation of ethylene glycol, which may then be oxidized to formaldehyde. When polyethylene glycol and poloxamer were used to prepare solid dispersions of bendroflumethiazide, a potent, lipophilic diuretic drug, the drug reacted with the formaldehyde to produce hydroflumethiazide [33],... 

The HLB value of surfactants that provides the lowest interfacial tension between the oil and water phases fora given lipid mixture is called the required HLB. Each of the lipophilic ingredients used in an o/w emulsion has a required HLB value (e.g., 6-7 for cottonseed oil and 14 for castor oil). An emulsion is most stable when a surfactant or combination of surfactants have a HLB value close to that required HLB value of the oil phase. 

By analogy with the polysorbate ester reaction, similar surfactant ester feedstocks that feature a free hydroxyl function can undergo oxyethylation to materials of higher HLB and these include glycerol, polyglycol and sucrose esters. In addition, many naturally occurring fats and oils can react with ethylene oxide to raise their water solubility. Castor oil is a common base for oxyethylation and the obvious site is the hydroxyl group in the ricinoleic... 

Formulation studies are performed to develop a suitable vehicle to solubilize the drug for administration to patients, generally by intravenous injection or infusion in the case of cancer. The low solubility of many natural products in water poses considerable problems, but these can be overcome by use of co-solvents or emulsifying agents (surfactants) such as Cremophore EL (polyoxyethylated castor oil). 

Cationic surfactants are used mainly to treat the surface of the leather, making it waxy. These are typically C-16 to C-18 alkylbenzyl quaternary ammonium compounds (e.g., 13). Also effective are cationic fatliquors from aminated and quater-nized castor oil other vegetable oils are also used (14). 

Solubilization has been used for many years in the formulation of phenolic antiseptic and disinfectant solutions. In the case of Cresol and Soap Solution (Lysol) and Chloroxylenol Solution B.P., soap micelles are used to solubilize the phenolic substances. The soap (anionic surfactant) is formed by reaction of potassium hydroxide with a suitable oil such as linseed oil (in Cresol and Soap Solution) or castor oil (in Chloroxylenol Solution). The solubilizing potential of surfactant solutions for hydrophobic species has also been exploited in the design of cholelitholytic solvents for gallstone dissolution with some limited success. 

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