Castor oil plasticizers

PEG hydrogenated castor oil plasticizer, mixing SR 206 SR 297 plasticizer, molding film DInonyl phthalate plasticizer, nail lacquers Uniplex 260... 

Propylene glycol dibenzoate plasticizer, solvent adhesives Hydroabietyl alcohol plasticizer, solvent emulsions PEG hydrogenated castor oil plasticizer, specialty Isodecyl benzoate... 

Phenoxyethanol Resorcinol bis (diphenylphosphate) Triacetin Tributyl phosphate Tridecyl adipate Triethylene glycol Triethylene glycol dibenzoate Trimethylol pentanediol dibenzoate Trioctyl phosphate plasticizer, vulcanizing elastomers Polychloroprene plasticizer, wall-tile mastics PEG hydrogenated castor oil plasticizer, water repellents Dimethiconol... 

HOOC-[CHa]8-COOH, CioH.aO. Colourless leaflets m.p. 134°C. Manufactured by heating castor oil with alkalis or by distillation of oleic acid. Forms an anhydride, m.p. 78 C. The esters of sebacic acid are used as plasticizers, especially for vinyl resins. 

HOaQCHjlfiCOiH, CSH14O4. Important dicarboxylic acid obtained by oxidizing ricino-leic acid (from castor oil) also obtained by oxidation of cyclo-octene or cyclo-octadiene formerly obtained from cork. Used in the formation of alkyd resins and polyamides. Esters are used as plasticizers and heavy duty lubricants and oils. 

Most manufacturers sell a portion of their alcohol product on the merchant market, retaining a portion for internal use, typically for the manufacture of plasticizers. Sterling Chemicals linear alcohol of 7, 9, and 11 carbons is all used captively. Plasticizer range linear alcohols derived from natural fats and oils, for instance, octanol and decanol derived from coconut oil and 2-octanol derived from castor oil, are of only minor importance in the marketplace. 

PVB resins are also compatible with a limited number of plasticizers and resins. Plasticizers (qv) improve processibility, lower T, and increase flexibihty and resiUency over a broad temperature range. Usehil plasticizers include dibutyl and butyl benzyl phthalates, tricresyl and 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphates, butyl ricinoleate, dibutyl sebacate, dihexyl adipate, triethylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, tetraethylene glycol diheptanoate, castor oil, and others (64-73). 

Oxidized castor oils are excellent nonmigrating, nonvolatile plasticizers (qv) for ceUulosic resins, poly(vinyl butyral), polyamides, shellac, and natural and synthetic mbber (see Rubber, natural). The high viscosity products are also used as tackifiers in gasket compounds and adhesives (qv) because of good oil and solvent resistance. They also serve as excellent pigment grinding media and as a base for inks (qv), lubricating oils, and hydrauHc oils (62). 

Mixtures containing sulfated castor oil were used to increase the lubricity of water base drilling fluids (123). Sulfated castor oil is also used in dishwashing compounds as a hand softener. A typical cleaning composition contains sodium dodecylben2ene sulfonate, sulfated castor oil, ethanol, and water. A sulfated derivative of castor oil is used as a dispersant for plaster of Paris, reducing the water needed to form a plastic slurry (124). Pesticide emulsions can be stabilized using ethoxylated castor oil (125). 

Although perchlorate expls are fairly insensitive to mechanical action, they are, nevertheless, too sensitive for some applications. Incorporation of materials such as paraffin (as was done in the French Perammon and the English Blastine) or of castor oil (as was done in some Swiss expls), renders them quite plastic and insensitive to shock and friction. This addition might make these expls too insensitive to an initiating agent. In order to counteract this defect, small quantities of NG (as low as 4%) may be incorporated, as was done in some Perchloratits. The addition of NG not only makes the mixt more readily detonatable but it also helps to plasticize the expl, especially if aromatic nitrocompds, such as DNT, TNT, etc, are also present... 

In Russia in the 1960s, an industrial production of sebacic acid, HCOOC (CH2)4 COOH (an important intermediate for different plastics), was started which involves the anodic condensation of monomethyl adipate CH300C(CH2)4C00 . Dimethyl sebacate is obtained via the scheme of (15.58), and then hydrolyzed in autoclaves to the final product. Methanol is used as a solvent to lower the rates of side reactions. The reaction occurs with current yields attaining 75% and with chemical yields (degrees of utilization of the original adipate) of 82 to 84% (Vassihev et al., 1982). Upon introduction of this process it was no longer necessary to use castor oil, an expensive raw material that was needed to produce sebacic acid by the chemical process. 

Cellulose acetate CAP Acetone, ethyl acetate/IPA, alkalies, if pH 6.0 Dissolves in distal end of duodenum requires presence of plasticizer such as triacetin or castor oil is somewhat hygroscopic... 

Based on castor oil derived elastomers and crosslinked polystyrene, a simultaneous mode of polymerization can be successfully employed to synthesize prototype engineering materials such as tough, impact resistant plastics and reinforced elastomers. 

The SIN s from castor oil and the other oils were tough materials, either reinforced elastomers or impact resistant plastics depending on their composition and whether phase inversion had occurred. Impact strengths in the range of 40-60 J/m were obtained. The glass transitions of the rubber phase of the SIN s tended to be a little higher than those shown in Table IV. The polystyrene phase... 

Both cellulose and cellulose nitrate (CN) are linear, or two-dimensional, polymers, but the former cannot be softened because of the presence of multitudinous hydrogen bonds between the chain-like molecules. When used as an explosive the CN is essentially completely nitrated, but the material used by Parks and Hyatt was a dinitrate, still potentially explosive, but less so. Parks added castor oil and Hyatt added camphor to plasticize—reduce the effect of the hydrogen bonding—the CN, allowing it some flexibility. 

The castor plant is widely considered to be a nuisance plant, because it proliferates rapidly in poor, depleted soils that cannot sustain other more important commercial crops. It spreads quickly as a weed, and in some places has been listed as an intrusive species to be eliminated [51, 52]. Nevertheless, in recent years the industrial volume of castor oil has increased dramatically, driven primarily by the global interest in renewable resources for fuel and feedstocks as an alternative to petrochemicals. The majority of the volume growth has come from the Asian continent, primarily from India, where the castor plant is harvested commercially [53]. In addition to its direct use in pol3mrethane products, the oil and its components have been the focus of innovative new derivatization strategies to improve their properties for use in plastics, while retaining high levels of renewable content in the final products. These developments will be described in Section 4.5. 

The addition to potassium chlorate of vegetable oils, fats or mineral oils in which aromatic nitro compounds are dissolved, as recommended by Street [72], proved to be a milestone in the development of chlorate explosives. The application of an admixture of castor oil was particularly useful. The presence of oils and fats in the explosives reduced their sensitiveness to friction and impact, and the oily ingredient conferred a slightly plastic consistency. 

Antistatic agents - [ALKANOLAMINES - ALKANOLAMINES FROM OLEFIN OXIDES AND AMMONIA] (Vol 2) - [ALKANOLAMINES - ALKANOLAMINES FROM OLEFIN OXIDES AND AMMONIA] (Vol 2) - [AMINE OXIDES] (Vol 2) - [ANTISTATIC AGENTS] (Vol 3) - [AMINES-FATTY AMINES] (Vol 2) - [PHOSPHORUSCOMPOUNDS](Voll8) -castor oil derivatives as [CASTOR OIL] (Vol 5) -from polyammes pIAMINES AND HIGHER AMINES ALIPHATIC] (Vol 8) -in styrene plastics [STYRENE PLASTICS] (Vol 22) -for textiles [SUGAR ALCOHOLS] (Vol 23)... 

Castor Oil, Oxidized, Heating of castor oils in intimate contact with air or oxygen at temps of 80 to 130°, with or wo a catalyst, produce oils of high viscosity and higher d, than untreated castor oils. The oxidized oils, known also as "blown oils are used as plasticizers in lacquers, artificial leathers, oil cloths and similar products (Ref 5,p 241). It was claimed by Nakamura (AddnlRef d) that a small quantity of peroxide was formed when castor oil was treated with air at ca 155°. Mondain-Monval Marteau(Addnl Ref e) claimed that direct oxidation of castor oil (as well as of some other vegetable oils) by air in a heated glass tube also produced peroxides Refs l)Daniel(1902), 472 2)Thorpe 2(1938), 420-22 3)CondChemDict(1942), 288(Cheddites) 4)Davis( 1943), 258, 269, 358-60 365 5)Kirk Othmer 3(1949), 237-44 6)Izzo, Pirotecnia(1950), 226-7 239 7)Kirk Othmer 11(1953), 323 8) Sax(1957), 444(Toxicity fire hazard of castor oil) 9)CondChemDict(1961), 229 10)US... 

Ibid 60, 185-6(1954) CA 48, 12422(1954) (Lacquers made of NC castor oil were only slightly yellowed when exposed to sunlight, but they did not pass the "fold test) i)K.Murai et al, JOilChemists Soc, Japan 3, 2-6(1954) CA 50, 250(1956)(Study of plasticizers for polyvinyl chloride obtained from castor-oil fatty acid, and lower fatty acids of coconut oil)... 

Properties of Chlorate Explosives. In general, expls based on chlorates are very powerful and brisant, but are very sensitive to friction and impact. Coating of particles of chlorates with substances such as castor oil, rosin, paraffin, tar, aromatic nitrocompds, crude rubber, vaselin, pertoleum, plastic materials, diminish considerably the sensitiveness but not sufficiently to make these expls suitable for loading artillery shells(See CHEDDITES) The chlorate expls are more sensitive than those contg perchlorates, and expls contg Na chlorate are more sensitive than those with K chlorate. Expls contg K or Na chlorate should not be mixed with Amm salts because, in this case, double decomp takes place with the formation of Amm chlorate which can explode spontaneously. It also is advisable not to use either PA or.TNCrs in chlorate expls, because such mixts are very sensitive(Ref 7,p 383). These precautions were not always followed... 

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