Case Studies of Acidity

C. Galindo, P. Jacques and A. Kalt, Photochemical and photocatalytical degradation of an indigoid dye a case study of acid blue 74 (AB74). J. Photochem. PhotobioLA Chem., 141 (2001) 47-56. 

Galindo C, Jacques P, Kalt A (2001) Photochemical and Photocatalytic Degradation of an Indigoid Dye A Case Study of Acid Blue 74 (AB74),/. Photochem. Photobiol. A Chem. 141 47-56. 

Gerritse, R.G., P. De Willigen, and P.A.C. Raats. 1982. Transport and fixation of phosphate in acid, homogeneous soils. III. Experimental case study of acid, sandy soil columns heavily treated with pig slurry. Agric. Environ. 7 175-185. 

Hung Y.S., Huang C.R. and Chang M.C., Decolourization of mono-azo dyes in wastewater by advanced oxidation process. A case study of acid red 1 and acid yellow 23 . Chemosphere, vol 29, no 12, p.2597-2607. (1994)... 

Malik, P.K. (2003) Activated carbon from sawdust and rice husk use of activated carbons prepared from sawdust and rice-husk for adsorption of acid dyes a case study of Acid Yellow 36. Dyes and Pigments,... 

According to the literature [3,17,33], the heterogeneous nature of fertilizer production plants precludes the possibility of presenting a typical case study of such a facility. Nevertheless, the wastewater flows, the characteristics, and the treatment systems for a phosphoric acid and N-P-K fertilizer plant were parts of a large fertilizer manufacturing facility. The full facility additionally included an ammonia plant, a urea plant, a sulfuric acid plant, and a nitric acid plant. The typical effluent flows were 183 m /hour (806 gpm) from the phosphoric plant and 4.4 m /hour (20 gpm) from the water treatment plant associated with it, whereas in the N-P-K plant they were 420 m /hour (1850 gpm) from the barometric condenser and 108 m /hour (476 gpm) from other effluent sources. 

Matsuda, K., Shimada, K. Kiyota, Y. 2000. Development of study methods for clarifying formation mechanism and distribution of acid geothermal-fluid. Case studies of geothermal areas in Kyushu, Japan. In Proceedings World Geothermal Congress 2000, Kyushu-Tohoku, Japan, 28 May-10 June 2000, 1425-1430. 

Rotte C, Stejskal F, Zhu G, Keithly JS, Martin W (2001) Pyruvate NADP+ oxidoreductase from the mitochondrion of Euglena gracilis and from the apicomplexan Cryptosporidium parvum a biochemical relic linking pyruvate metabolism in mitochondriate and amitochondriate protists. Mol Biol Evol 18 710-720 Schnarrenberger C, Martin W (2002) Evolution of the enzymes of the citric acid cycle and the glyoxylate cycle of higher plants. A case study of endosymbiotic gene transfer. Eur J Biochem 269 868-883... 

Binkley, D. Driscoll, C. T. Allen, H. L. Schoeneberger, P. McAvov, D. Acidic Deposition and Forest Soils Context and Case Studies of the Southeastern United States Ecological Studies Springer-Verlag New York, 1989 Vol. 72, 149 pp. 

Juang, R.S., Chen, J.D. and Huan, H.C. (2000) Dispersion-free membrane extraction - case-studies of metal-ion and organic-acid extraction. Journal of Membrane Science, 165, 59. 

Rudnitskaya, A., Rocha, S. M., Legin, A., Pereira, V., and Marques, J. C. (2010). Evaluation of the feasibility of the electronic tongue as a rapid analytical tool for wine age prediction and quantification of the organic acids and phenolic compounds. The case-study of Madeira wine. Anal. Chim. Acta 662, 82-89. 

Robert Futemick has pointed out that experimentation is necessary to create appropriate pulp for fills for works of art on paper (29). The same is true for cast fills for tapa. For example, a soft, dense fill can be creased using acid-free blotting paper. A thin, fairly stiff fill was needed for a Samoan tapa (case study of TMM 1821-18), and this was prepared with Sikishu Kozogame Mare paper mixed with methylcellulose. 

Case Study of 1,2-Dimethoxybenzene. For 1,2-DMB degradation all of the intermediate aliphatic compounds, with the exception of methanol, contained one or two ester or acid functionalities (89). Methyl ester functionalities obviously stem from the methoxy groups in 1,2-DMB C C bonds were present in most of these intermediates. Some of the aliphatic intermediate products included a CHOH and/or a CO group. The most interesting feature was the existence of aliphatic intermediate products... 

Alternatively to diffusion dialysis, Pierard et al. [96] suggested electrodialysis as a regeneration process. In the case study involving acid pickling before electroplating, they demonstrated the selection of ion-exchange membrane couples as well as the development of tools to promote the use of electrodialysis in industrial applications. 

Consequently, new investigations dealing with reactions in micellar solutions composed of functional surfactants, or mixtures of inert and functional surfactants, continue to appear in the literature. An interesting study of acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of 2-(p-tetradecyloxyphenyl)-l,3-dioxolane (p-TPD) in aqueous sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) solutions has been reported [13]. In this case,/ -TPD behaves as a non-ionic functional surfactant and apparently forms non-ideal mixed micelles with the anionic surfactant (SDS). Based on the observed kinetic data, the authors propose that, at elevated temperatures, the thermodynamic non-ideality results in the manifestation of two populations of micelles, one rich in SDS and the other rich in/>-TPD. 

Case study of peracetic acid process intensification... 

Kinetics of chemical weathering are important to understand the rates of rock dissolution, sediment formation, and acid neutralization in the environment. In this chapter, there are three principal objectives (1) to describe the theoretical kinetics of chemical weathering for pure minerals, (2) to discuss the relative advantages and disadvantages of various experimental apparatus for measuring those kinetics in soils, and (3) to make comparisons between laboratory and field measurements of weathering rates and solute transport. A case study of laboratory and field measurements at Bear Brook Watershed, east of Orono, Maine, at Lead Mountain, will be used to illustrate the principles discussed in this chapter. 

Acid-base processes in molten ionic media are hardly described in the framework of the classic solvosystem concept. The reason for the seeming principal distinction of ionic melts from room-temperature molecular solvents consists in the limitations contained in the solvosystem concept. The main reason is that the division of substances into acids and bases is performed in relation to their reactions with the products of a molecular solvent autodissociation and the degree of this auto-dissociation, in the pure solvent is negligible. On the contrary, an ionic melt is a case of a completely ionized solvent, and this is the fact that does not allow one to apply the solvosystem concept fruitfully for studies of acid-base interactions in this kind of liquid media. 

This reaction is important because it provides oxaloacetate for the citric acid cycle when the supplies have run low because of the demands of biosynthesis. It is also the enzyme that catalyzes the first step in gluconeogenesis, the pathway that provides the body with needed glucose in times of starvation or periods of exercise that deplete glycogen stores. But somehow these descriptions don t fill us with a sense of the importance of this enzyme and its jobs. It is not until we investigate a case study of a child born with pyruvate carboxylase deficiency that we see the full impact of this enzyme. 

Investigations (34, 35) to study the effects and limitations of brine and acid foams as diverting agents for nonfoamed acids developed several interesting conclusions. In several case studies of actual stimulated wells... 

Growing national concern that acid rain was killing off plant and aquatic life in Scandinavia s lakes and streams was a critical reason why Sweden initiated efforts to organize the first UNCHE and why Sweden became a pioneer in environmental reforms, opening the world s first Environment Agency in 1967. At the UNCHE, Swedish scientist Bert Bolin presented a case study of the effects of acid rain on Sweden. 

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