Cardiovascular system disease

This drug exhibits broncholytic action by reducing cholinergic influence on bronchial musculature (m-cholinoblocking action). It relieves bronchial spasms. It is used to treat and prevent minor and moderate bronchial asthma, especially asthma that is accompanied by cardiovascular system diseases. Synonyms of this drug are atrovent, introp, iprafen, and... 

A variety of factors can affect a person s sensitivity and tolerance to heat, such as age, gender, ethnicity, body dimensions, weight, physical fitness, acclimatization, metabolism, alcohol or drug use, and medical conditions such as obesity, hypertension, and history or predisposition to heat injuries. Individuals with degenerative cardiovascular system diseases, diabetes, and/or malnutrition are at increased risk when exposed to heat and when stress is placed on the cardiovascular system (Ogawa 1998 NIOSH 1986). 

Electrocardiography—Handbooks, manuals, etc. 2. Cardiovascular system—Diseases—Nursing—Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Lippincott Williams Wilkins. 11. Title ECG interpretation. [DNLM 1. Electrocardiography—Handbooks. 

There is a high degree of variation in response among individuals in a tyijical population. Generally, sensitive populations include the elderly, children, and individuals with diseases that compromise the respiratory or cardiovascular system. 

People who should not work with organophosphate insecticides are those with organic central nervous system disease, mental disorders, epilepsy, pronounced endocrine disorders, respiratory conditions, cardiovascular diseases, circulatory disorders, gastroenteric diseases, liver or kidney disease, and chronic conjunctivitis and keratitis (Medved and Kagan 1983). 

Systemic anaphylaxis is the most dramatic and potentially fatal manifestation of immediate hypersensitivity, accounting for more than 500 deaths annually [ 1 ]. Despite these alarming findings, there is surprisingly limited interest and little information on how the cardiovascular system is involved in fatal and near-fatal allergic diseases. 

Poor sleep architecture and fragmented sleep secondary to OSA can cause excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and neu-rocognitive deficits. These sequelae can affect quality of life and work performance and may be linked to occupational and motor vehicle accidents. OSA is also associated with systemic disease such as hypertension, heart failure, and stroke.21-23 OSA is likely an independent risk factor for the development of hypertension.24 Further, when hypertension is present, it is often resistant to antihypertensive therapy. Fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events are two- to threefold higher in male patients with severe OSA.25 OSA is associated with or aggravates biomarkers for cardiovascular disease, including C-reactive protein and leptin.26,27 Patients with sleep apnea often are obese and maybe predisposed to weight gain. Hence, obesity may further contribute to cardiovascular disease in this patient population. 

In addition to effects on bone, raloxifene may have effects in breast tissue and on the cardiovascular system. A secondary end point of the MORE trial evaluated the effects of raloxifene on the primary prevention of breast cancer and found a significant reduction in all types of breast cancer.33 Raloxifene decreases total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol,34 and studies are evaluating its effect on reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease.35... 

The recommended initial daily dose for older patients or those with known cardiac disease is 25 mcg/day titrated upward in increments of 25 meg at monthly intervals to prevent stress on the cardiovascular system. 

The AEGL-1 concentration was based on a 1-hour (h) no-effect concentration of 8,000 parts per million (ppm) in healthy human subjects (Emmen et al. 2000). This concentration was without effects on pulmonary function, respiratory parameters, the eyes (irritation), or the cardiovascular system. Because this concentration is considerably below that causing any adverse effect in animal studies, an intraspecies uncertainty factor (UF) of 1 was applied. The intraspecies UF of 1 is supported by the absence of adverse effects in therapy tests with patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and adult and pediatric asthmatics who were tested with metered-dose inhalers containing HFC-134a as the propellant. Because blood concentrations in this study approached equilibrium following 55 minutes (min) of exposure and effects are determined by blood concentrations, the value of 8,000 ppm was made equivalent across all time periods. The AEGL-1 of 8,000 ppm is supported by the absence of adverse effects in experimental animals that inhaled considerably higher concentrations. No adverse effects were observed in rats exposed at 81,000 ppm for 4 h (Silber and Kennedy 1979) or in rats exposed... 

Cardiovascular events There have been rare reports following administration of botulinum toxin type A for other indications of adverse events involving the cardiovascular system, including arrhythmia and Ml, some with fatal outcomes. Some of these patients had risk factors including pre-existing cardiovascular disease. 

In Chapter 1, John Lowe details The Role of Medicinal Chemistry in Drug Discovery in the twenty first century. The overview should prove invaluable to novice medicinal chemists and process chemists who are interested in appreciating what medicinal chemists do. In Chapter 2, Neal Anderson summarizes his experience in process chemistry. The perspectives provide a great insight for medicinal chemists who are not familiar with what process chemistry entails. Their contributions afford a big picture of both medicinal chemistry and process chemistry, where most of the readers are employed. Following two introductory chapters, the remainder of the book is divided into three major therapeutic areas I. Cancer and Infectious Diseases (five chapters) II. Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases (six chapters) and III. Central Nervous System Diseases (four chapters). 

C Cardiovascular system 390M59 Diseases of the circulatory system... 

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