Cardiovascular lesions

Carlton, W.W. and W. Henderson. 1963. Cardiovascular lesions in experimental copper deficiency in chickens. Jour. Nutr. 81 200-208. 

Li, Z., Colucci-Guyon, E., Pincon-Raymond, M., Mericskay, M., Pournin, S., Paulin, D., et al. (1996) Cardiovascular lesions and skeletal myopathy in mice lacking desmin. Dev Biol 175, 362-366. 

Cyclopiazonic acid A. flavus P. aurantiogriseum nephrotoxin cardiovascular lesion Kodua poisoning... 

Moniliformin F. verticillioides neurotoxin cardiovascular lesion onyalai disease... 

Johansson, S. (1981). Cardiovascular lesions in Sprague-Dawley rats induced by long-term treatment with caffeine. Acta Pathol Microbiol ScandA 89, 185-91. 

As an illustration of the effects of a cold environment the results of Sellers and You (1956) will be mentioned. Rats on a choline-deficient diet had fewer cardiovascular lesions if kept in the cold (1-3 C.) than did a control group living at a normal room temperature, whereas for the choline-supplemented groups the reverse was true. In this connection Client (1950) found an increase of the iodine number of the body fat in rats on exposure to a temperature of 10° instead of 20° C. This might be due to oleic acid, which can be produced in the body, rather than necessarily to the essential polyunsaturated fatty acids. 

Copper deficiency leads to a variety of abnormalities, including anemia, skeletal defects, demyelination and degeneration of the nervous system, defects in the pigmentation and structure of hair, reproductive failure, and pronounced cardiovascular lesions. 

About the same time as the initiation of the use of oral drugs, medical researchers discovered that adult-onset diabetics secreted approximately normal amounts of insulin, but that the action of the hormone was somehow impaired. It was then discovered that obesity is a major contributing factor to this type of diabetes, and that a great improvement in the utilization of glucose often follows a reduction in body weight. It seems that the distended fat-containing cells found in ob people are resistant to the effects of insulin. Other researchers have recently suggested that it is wise to have strict dietary control in diabetes so as to minimize the need for extra insulin. Excessive insulin may accelerate the development of cardiovascular lesions. Hence, it appears that some of the strict dietary measures which were used in the preinsulin days are still useful for the treatment of adult-onset diabetes. 

W. H, Cartwright, G. E., and Wintrobe, M, M. (1962) Studies on copper metabolism. XXXII. Cardiovascular lesions in copper deficient swine. Am. J, Pathol. 41 603. 

The contralateral kidney may be abnormal in up to 50% of patients (Malek et al. 1971). There is a 10% incidence of contralateral renal agenesis. In up to 70% of children with pelvic kidney there is associated VUR (Kramer and Kelalis 1984). In most cases of renal ectopy the adrenal gland is in normal position. Genital anomalies were found ranging from 15% of males to 75% of females (Thompson and Pace 1937 Downs et al. 1973). Skeletal anomalies occur in up to 50% of children, cardiovascular lesions were found in 9 out of 21 children (Malek et al. 1971) and gastrointestinal abnormalities in one-third of patients (Ritchey 1992). 

Cardiovascular Effects. A number of eardiovaseular lesions, such as acute myoeardial degeneration and vascular degeneration, eongestion, and hemorrhage, have been observed in individuals exposed to... 

Cardiovascular Effects. Eesions in the heart and blood vessels have been reported in humans acutely intoxicated with methyl parathion (Wofatox) (Fazekas 1971) and are discussed in Section 3.2.2.2. However, many of these lesions may be secondary to the effects of methyl parathion on the conduction system of the heart, to other components ingested, or to therapeutic regimens that some of these patients received. 

Pathological observations indicate that lesions of the cardiovascular system can be a cause of death in patients with anaphylaxis [2], Myocardial lesions might be the anatomical basis for the irreversible cardiac failure occasionally associated with systemic anaphylaxis [3]. There is compelling evidence that the heart is directly and/or indirectly involved in several forms of anaphylaxis in man [1,4,5]. 

Oxidization of LDL-cholesterol is believed to play a significant role in the atherosclerotic process. The antioxidant vitamins, vitamin E and vitamin C, protect LDL cholesterol from oxidation. Evidence from observational and animal studies suggested that increased intake of antioxidant vitamins might inhibit the formation of atherosclerotic lesions and decrease the risk for cardiovascular events.40 However, several large, randomized, prospective studies found no beneficial effect of vitamin E or other antioxidants on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with IHD or IHD risk factors.41,42 Based on this evidence, current guidelines do not recommend supplementation with vitamin E or other antioxidants for the sole purpose of preventing cardiovascular events. 

Mineral Oil Hydraulic Fluids. No studies were located regarding cardiovascular effects in humans after inhalation, oral, or dermal exposure to mineral oil hydraulic fluids. In the only animal study available, histopathological examination of the hearts from rats exposed to <1.0 mg/m3 of the water-in-oil emulsion hydraulic fluid Houghto-Safe 5047F for 90 days, 23 hours/day, showed no treatment-related lesions (Kinkead et al. 1991). 

Adverse effects of copper deficiency can be documented in terrestrial plants and invertebrates, poultry, small laboratory animals, livestock — especially ruminants — and humans. Data are scarce or missing on copper deficiency effects in aquatic plants and animals and in avian and mammalian wildlife. Copper deficiency in sheep, the most sensitive ruminant mammal, is associated with depressed growth, bone disorders, depigmentation of hair or wool, abnormal wool growth, fetal death and resorption, depressed estrous, heart failure, cardiovascular defects, gastrointestinal disturbances, swayback, pathologic lesions, and degeneration of the motor tracts of the spinal cord (NAS 1977). 

Chicks fed copper-deficient diet had >50% mortality and high frequency of cardiovascular and skeletal lesions. Chicks on copper-adequate diet had negligible mortality, no histopathology, and normal growth... 

Tertiary Cardiovascular syphilis (aortitis or aortic insufficiency), neurosyphilis (meningitis, general paresis, dementia, tabes dorsalis, eighth cranial nerve deafness, blindness), gummatous lesions involving any organ or tissue... 

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