Carcinoma of prostate

Marshall, M.E., Butler, K. Hermansen, D. (1990) Treatment of hormone-refractory stage D carcinoma of prostate with coumarin (1,2-benzopyrone) and cimetidine a pilot study. 

Carcinoma of prostate GnRH agonist plus androgen antagonist Aminoglutethimide, doxorubicin, cisplatin, prednisone,1 estramustine, fluorouracil, progestins, suramin2... 

H7. Herger, C. C., and Sauer, H. R., Relationship of serum acid phosphatase determination to presence of bone metastases from carcinoma of prostate. J. Urol. 46, 286-302 (1941). 

H20. Huggins, C., Stevens, R. E., and Hodges, C. V., Studies on prostatic cancer effects of castration on advanced carcinoma of prostate gland. Arch. Surg. (Chicago) 43, 209-223 (1941). 

FIGURE 16.15 Small cell carcinoma of prostate in association with acinar prostate carcinoma (A to C). Focal weak positivity for prostate-specific antigen and positive staining for P501S are illustrated in D and E, respectively. 

Accetta PA, Gardner Jr WA. Adenosquamous carcinoma of prostate. Urology. 1983 22 73. 

Amato RJ, Logothetis CJ, Hallinan R, et al. Chemotherapy for small cell carcinoma of prostatic origin. / Urol. 1992 147 935. 

Evans AJ, Humphrey PA, Belani J, et al. Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of prostate a clinicopathologic summary of 7 cases of a rare manifestation of advanced prostate cancer. Am ] Surg Pathol. 2006 30 684. 

Prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) Carcinoma of prostate Prostate glandular epithelium... 

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) Carcinoma of prostate Salivary duct carcinoma Prostate secretory and ductal epithelium... 

Squamous cell carcinoma of uterine cervix Carcinoma of prostatic gland... 

MH M28 M28.010 Glutamate carboxypeptidase II Diagnosis and assessment of prostatic carcinoma... 

In patients with breast carcinoma or prostatic carcinoma, the nurse observes for and evaluates signs indicating a response to therapy, for example, a relief of pain, an increase in appetite, a feeling of well-being. In prostatic carcinoma, the response to therapy may be rapid, but in breast carcinoma the response is usually slow. 

Red blood cells also contain sufficient acid phenylphospha-tase for mild hemolysis to cause false elevations. Therefore, inhibitors such as ethanol, formaldehyde, copper sulfate> and 1-tartrate have been used to inhibit selectively the enzyme of one or more tissues and enhance the specificity of the test (101). Ethanol is unsuitable because it inhibits the enzyme from erythrocytes and prostate simultaneously, and because it yields serum activities which correlate poorly with prostatic disease. Formaldehyde inhibits the erythrocytic enzyme and has been said to yield clinically satisfactory results. The copoper resistant acid phosphatase of serum is elevated by metastatic carcinoma of the breast, as well as by other metastatic cancers, and is also elevated by a wide variety of non-cancerous diseases. 

Tartrate is a most widely used inhibitor of prostatic acid phenylphosphatase activity. With this inhibitor Bonner and associates detected five cases of unsuspected carcinoma of the prostate in 221 hospital patients and clarified the diagnoses in another four patients (98). Nonetheless, the diagnostic specificity of an elevated 1-tartrate inhibited activity is not absolute, as Fishman et. al found it elevated in 48 of 1,190 males without cancer. Whitmore and associates also observed this activity to be elevated in 3 of 20 patients with uncomplicated nodular hyperplasia (102). Hill compared the total versus the "prostatic" serum activities in 20 patients with localized untreated carcinoma of the prostate and observed... 

Gutman, A. B. and Gutman, . B. An "acid" phosphatase occurring in the serum of patients with metastasizing carcinoma of the prostate gland. J. Clin. Invest. (1938), 17, 473-478. 

Pastori, M. et al., Lycopene in association with alpha-tocopherol inhibits at physiological concentrations proliferation of prostate carcinoma cells, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Com., 250, 582, 1998. 

The normal prostate is composed of acinar secretory cells arranged in a radial shape and surrounded by a foundation of supporting tissue. The size, shape, or presence of acini are almost always altered in the gland that has been invaded by prostatic carcinoma. Adenocarcinoma, the major pathologic cell type, accounts for more than 95% of prostate cancer cases.15 Much rarer tumor types include small cell neuroendocrine cancers, sarcomas, and transitional cell carcinomas. 

The application of PSA measurements for clinical monitoring of prostatic carcinoma requires fine tuning of PSA assays. One important aspect of this tuning is to have well-defined standards (primary calibrators). Calibrators or primary reference materials consisting of PSA complexed with ACT have been prepared and are available to sponsors of commercial immunoassays. As a result of this, some sponsors have studied calibration stability and have shown that calibration did not change within 14 to 90 days. Primary references of 90 percent PSA-ACT and 10 percent f-PS A have been shown to minimize differences in PSA measurements between different assays [NCCLS Document—Primary Reference Preparations Used to Standardize Calibration of Immunochemical Assays for Serum Prostate... 

A 75-year-old male, postprostatectomy for carcinoma of the prostate with local metastasis found during surgery would best be treated with which of the following ... 

AKT kinases participate in pathways that regulate several cellular processes, including survival, proliferation, tissue invasion, and metabolism [5-7]. Hyperactivation of the three isoforms of AKT kinases is a common finding in human malignancies. Increased AKT-1 activity has been observed in about 40% of breast and ovarian cancers and >50% of prostate carcinomas. Activation of... 

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