Refractory stage

Figure C3.6.7(a) shows tire u= 0 and i )= 0 nullclines of tliis system along witli trajectories corresponding to sub-and super-tlireshold excitations. The trajectory arising from tire sub-tlireshold perturbation quickly relaxes back to tire stable fixed point. Three stages can be identified in tire trajectory resulting from tire super-tlireshold perturbation an excited stage where tire phase point quickly evolves far from tire fixed point, a refractory stage where tire system relaxes back to tire stable state and is not susceptible to additional perturbation and tire resting state where tire system again resides at tire stable fixed point.

Marshall, M.E., Butler, K. Hermansen, D. (1990) Treatment of hormone-refractory stage D carcinoma of prostate with coumarin (1,2-benzopyrone) and cimetidine a pilot study. 

Materials to be subjected to HIP must be impermeable to the pressurizing gas. Glasses and refractory metals have been used to "can" ceramics, or ceramics can be presintered to the closed pore stage, ie, >92% theoretical density (I JJ), to produce an impermeable surface for HIP. 

Temperatures much in excess of 288 C (550 F) requiring special refractory mineral or metalhc fabrics that are still in the developmental stage and can be very expensive... 

ABT-627 (Atrasentan) Abbott Laboratories, USA ETA receptor Hormone-refractory prostate cancer, stage IV (phase III)... 

Heart transplantation represents the final option for refractory, end-stage HF patients who have exhausted medical and device therapies. Heart transplantation is not a cure, but should be considered a trade between a life-threatening syndrome and the risks associated with the operation and long-term immunosuppression. Assessment of appropriate candidates includes comorbid illnesses, psychosocial behavior, available financial and social support, and patient willingness to adhere to lifelong therapy and close medical follow-up.1 Overall, the transplant recipient s quality of life may be improved, but not all patients receive this benefit. Posttransplant survival continues to improve due to advances in immunosuppression, treatment and prevention of infection, and optimal management of patient comorbidities. 

Kvaerner John Brown developed the Super Treat process addressing the H2S inhibition on HDS and favoring the desulfurization on refractory compounds [92], To begin with, they realized that more than 90% of the total produced H2S takes place in the first reaction stage, from the HDS of the most reactive S-compounds. Kvaerner technology... 

Deep desulfurization method of fossil fuels, comprising a first step of HDS and a BDS step for the removal of HDS sulfur refractory compounds, using an effective amount of a biocatalyst. The fuel is incubated in the presence of one or more BDS-active microorganisms, which converts the organic sulfur compounds into water-soluble inorganic sulfur. Then, in a separation stage, the products of the incubation are separated into a deeply desulfurized liquid fossil fuel, and the water-soluble inorganic sulfur. 

Wulff A two-stage process for making acetylene by the pyrolysis of saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons. The feed gas is first pyrolyzed at approximately 1,300°C and then passed into a refractory brick reactor at below 400°C. Developed by R. G. Wulff in California in 1927. Operated in the United States, Brazil, and Europe until the end of the 1960s. See also Ruhr Chemie. 

This technology has already been described. Some general characteristics The gasifier is a two-stage pressure shell lined with refractory material in which coal to be gasified is injected as a preheated slurry. The dry coal concentrations in the slurry range from 50 to 70 wt%, depending on the inherent moisture and quality of the feed. Part of the... 

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