Large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma

Nuclear immunostaining of the vast majority of carcinomas of the lung—adenocarcinomas (66%), large cell neuroendocrine and small cell (95%)... 

FIGURE 10.49 Large cell (neuroendocrine) carcinoma of the cervix. Immunoperoxidase stain for neuron-specific enolase shows positivity in tumor cells. 

LaPoint RJ, Bourne PA, Wang HL, Xu U. Coexpression of c-kit and bcl-2 in small cell carcinoma and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morph. 2007 15 401-406. 

Other primary neuroendocrine neoplasms of the lung include typical carcinoid, atypical carcinoid, and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. The WHO dehnition of typical carcinoid is a tumor with carcinoid morphology and less than 2 mitoses/10 high power held (2 mm ) lacking necrosis and 0.5 cm or larger. ... 

Additional data has been published on large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. " These more recent articles continue to show that large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung is an aggressive neoplasm. The publication by Peng and colleagues showed that the immuno-histochemical features of large cell neuroendocrine... 

Other neuroendocrine markers that are occasionally used to identify normal neuroendocrine lung cells and neoplastic neuroendocrine cells include neurofilaments,neural cell adhesion molecules (N-CAM),A77 and Leu7. The most frequent neuropeptides, neuroamines, and hormones found in neuroendocrine lung neoplasms are listed in Table 12.11. TTF-1 is found in a high percentage of small cell carcinomas, atypical carcinoids, and large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas, but in less than 50% of typical carcinoids. 

Sturm and colleagues evaluated TTF-1 and 34f5E12 (cytokeratins 1,5,10, and 14) expression in basaloid and large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas. The authors did not observe TTF-1 expression in basaloid carcinomas, and they observed expression of high molecular weight keratin (34(1E12) in only one large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. Basaloid carcinoma is contrasted with small... 

TABLE 12.15 Immunohistochemical Features of Basaloid Carcinoma of Lung Compared with Small Cell Carcinoma, Atypical Carcinoid, and Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of Lung ... 

Travis WD, Linnoila I, Tsokos MG, et al. Neuroendocrine tumors of the lung with proposed criteria for large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma An ultrastructural, immunohistochemical and flow cytometric smdy of 35 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 1991 15 529-533. 

Jiang SX, Kameya T, Shoji M, et al. Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung a histologic and immunohistochemical study of 22 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 1998 22 526-537. 

Sturm N, Lantuejoul S, Laverriere MH, et al. Thyroid transcription factor-1 and cytokeratins 1, 5, 10, 14 (34flE12) expression in basaloid and large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas of the lung. Hum Pathol. 2001 32 918-925. 

Casali C, Stefani A, Rossi G, et al. The prognostic role of c-Kit protein expression in resected large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung. Ann Thorac Surg. 2004 77 252-253. 

Some are akin to small cell carcinomas as defined in the lung, but more commonly they resemble large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas such as those common in the lung or elsewhere in the GI tract. 

As in other organs, the spectrum of neuroendocrine neoplasms in the prostate include carcinoid tumors, small cell carcinoma, and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma as defined in the lung by Travis and colleagues. 

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