Carcinoma in situ

Malignant cells are divided into categories based on the cells of origin. Carcinomas arise from epithelial cells, whereas sarcomas arise from muscle or connective tissue. Adenocarcinomas arise from glandular tissue. Carcinoma in situ refers to cells limited to epithelial origin that have not yet invaded the basement membrane. 

Tis Carcinoma in situ intraepithelial or invasion of lamina propria... 

Tis Carcinoma in situ or Paget s disease of the nipple with no tumor ... 

Carcinoma in situ The earliest stage of a cancer also referred to as noninvasive cancer. The cancer has not yet grown through the membranes surrounding the affected organ or invaded other tissues and organs. 

W. Schurch, H.C. Kaiser and C.C. Harris, The Respiratory Epithelium IV. Histogenesis of Epidermoid Metaplasia and Carcinoma in Situ in the Human, J. Nat 1. Cancer Inst. 61 563-575 (1978). 

Stage 0 Carcinoma in situ or disease that has not invaded the basement membrane. 

Simple or total mastectomy involves removal of the entire breast without dissection of underlying muscle or axillary nodes. This procedure is used for carcinoma in situ where the incidence of axillary node involvement is only 1% or with local recurrence following breast conservation therapy. 

This prevention was evident in all risk category groups included in Gail s score and with any previous history of breast lesions (atypical hyperplasia, lobular carcinoma in situ, etc.) (Fig. 10.7). 

Luzzi V, Holtschlag V, Watson MA. 2001. Expression profiling of ductal carcinoma in situ by laser capture microdissection and high density oligonucleotides arrays. Am J Pathol 158 2005. 

Fig. 1. Indirect in situ RT-PCR for ras mRNA in normal and neoplastic human breast tissues. (A) and (C) Negative controls for ras message. (B) Detection of ras mRNA signal in normal epithelial cells of mammary duct and lobules. (D) Detection of ras mRNA signal in neoplastic ductal epithelial cells in breast tissue with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS).

Primary tumor cannot be assessed No evidence of primary tumor Carcinoma in situ intraepithelial tumor with invasion of the lamina propria... 

Cervical carcinoma. Smoke condensate, in human papillomavirus 18-immortalized ectocervical cells (HEC-18-1C), produced an invasive squamous cell carcinoma, from which was established a clonal line of cells (HEC-18-1CT). The moderate passage malignantly transformed HEC-18-1CT displayed severe dysplasia/carcinoma in situ in raft culture . 

For women with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and women at high risk for breast cancer increased risk for uterine malignancies, stroke, and pulmonary embolism,... 

Tumor heterogeneity refers to the existence of distinct subpopulations of tumor cells with specific characteristics within a single neoplasm. Breast cancer is a classic example of a heterogeneous disease. First, the term breast cancer does not itself refer to a single disease. Breast cancers include many different diseases including (but not limited to) adenomas, papillomas, invasive ductal carcinoma, ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), and lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) (6). 

Based on transcriptional profiling, Oncotype DX and MammaPrint, which will be described in details later in this section, have been developed and used in clinics. It has been shown that the gene expression-based microarray profiling offers tremendous potential to define subcategories of breast cancer, to predict disease relapse, to predict chemotherapy response, and to predict progression of ductal carcinoma in situ (7). 

Systemic administration of colonic carcinogois yields the entire spectrum of changes seen in human colon cancer, including abnormal crypt architecture with disrupted proliferation, papillary and adenomatous polyps, carcinoma in situ, and adenocarcinoma (Thumherr et al., 1973). The distal colon is affected with the greatest frequency, and squamous cell canc of the anus is also produced. Dietary fat enhances the production of colonic tumors (Nigro et al., 1975), perhaps by increasing bile flow (Narisawa et al., 1974). 

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