Esophageal small-cell carcinoma

Lam, K. Y., Law, S., Tung, P. H. M., and Wong, J. 2000. Esophageal small cell carcinomas. Clinicopathologic parameters, p53 overexpression, proliferation marker, and their impact on pathogenesis. Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. 124 228-233. 

Immunophenotypically, NETs stain diffusely and strongly with synaptophysin and chromogranin, whereas high-grade, large cell carcinomas may only be positive for synaptophysin. Small cell carcinomas that arise in association with SCC may express CEA, and up to one half of esophageal small cell carcinomas may be immunoreactive with XTF-l. °79i... 

Yamamoto J, OhshimaK, IkedaS, etal. Primary esophageal small cell carcinoma with concomitant invasive squamous cell carcinoma or carcinoma in situ. Hum Pathol. 2003 34 1108-1115. 

Adenocarcinoma, enteric differentiation, 70 lung Carcinoma, small cell, esophageal 34... 

Vinorelbine demonstrated important antitumour properties associated with reduced toxic side effects and its application was developed during the 1980 s by the French pharmaceutical company Pierre Fabre Medicaments, under the commercial name Navelbine . Vinorelbine is now widely used in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer and breast cancer, and several other potential indications are under clinical investigation, like lymphoma, esophageal cancer and prostatic carcinoma [16, 22, 23], Furthermore, it has been proved that vinorelbine is well absorbed orally with no unpredictable toxic effects and an oral formulation of the drug was registered in France in 2001 [13, 16]. The main side effect of vinorelbine is hematological toxicity. 

Given the vast number of cell types present in the esophagus, a variety of tumors can arise. Spindle cell carcinoma, small-cell carcinoma, leiomyosarcoma, Kaposi s sarcoma, and malignant melanoma comprise rare malignant esophageal tumors. The vast majority of primary malignant tumors of the esophagus, however, include squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinomas. 

The possible modes of action of 4HPR have been mostly investigated in already transformed tumor cells. 4HPR suppressed the proliferation of cell lines of different tumor types such as human breast carcinoma [24-27], prostate adenocarcinoma [28, 29], leukemias [30, 31], neuroblastoma [32, 33, 34], ovarian carcinoma [35, 36], cervical carcinoma [37, 38], head and neck squamous cell carcinoma [39], esophageal squamous carcinoma [40] and small-cell lung can-... 

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