Carbowax solubility

These water soluble polymers are commercially known as carbowax. 

Melt the stearyl alcohol and white petrolatum (steam bath) and warm to about 75°C. Heat the water to 75°C and add the sodium lauryl sulfate, propylene glycol, methylparaben, and propylparaben. Add the aqueous phase and stir until congealed. IV. Water-soluble ointment (polyethylene glycol ointment, USP 14) Polyethylene glycol 4000 (Carbowax 4000) 50%... 

Many other cyclic ethers have been polymerized using cationic polymerization. Ethylene oxide (also called oxirane) polymerizes forming poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) (structure 5.24) in the presence of acids such as sulfuric acid, producing a wide range of chain-sized polymers sold under various trade names including Carbowax and Poly ox. PEO is also used in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals (as water-soluble pill coatings and capsules). 

The solution coating technique in most cases is preferred to the evaporative method because there is more uniform deposition of the phase and because there is less chance for damage of support particles. The evaporative procedure is more convenient for preparing high concentration packings (15-20%) of the viscous phases such as Carbowax, and for preparing packings with two or more stationary phases which are not soluble in a common solvent. 

Polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters are produced by the reaction of polyethylene glycols with fatty adds. The commercial products are waxy solids which include Carbowax 4000 (Mono) Stearate. Some of the products act as plasticizers and lubricants for plastics. The polyethylene glycols are soluble in water. 

Narkis and Henfield-Furie [578] have described a direct method for the identification and determination of volatile water-soluble Ci C5 acids in municipal waste water and raw sewage. The method involves direct injection of the sewage into a gas chromatograph equipped with a Carbowax 20m on acid-washed Chromosorb W column and a flame ionisation detector. Preliminary preparation of the sample is limited to the addition of solid metaphosphoric acid to the sewage and removal of precipitated proteins and suspended solids by centrifuging. 

Water-soluble packaging films, textile sizes, thickeners, e.g., Carbowax. ... 

Lubricants To reduce the friction between the granules and the die wall during compression and ejection of the tableting process Water-insoluble metal stearates, stearic acid, talc Water-soluble boric acid, sodium chloride, benzoate and acetate, sodium or magnesium lauryl sulfate Carbowax 4000 or 6000... 

Polyethylene glycol 4000 or 6000 2-5 Soluble in water, moderately effective, also known as macrogols (Carbowax )... 

Sentry [Dow], 1. TM for propionic acid. 2. TM for high purity grades of Carbowax polyethane glycol, polyox water-soluble polymers, and polyvinyl chloride. Solvent for flavors and colors. 

Typical results of an ultrafiltration experiment also reflect the presence of concentration polarization. This phenomenon, l.e. accumulation of solute in front of the membrane, was described in great detail by others (Refs. 3, 4). A consequence of concentration polarization is a strong dependence of measured rejection coefficients on transmembrane fluxes. An illustration of the effect is presented in Figure 9, which shows the measured "apparent" rejection coefficients (Rg) as a function of transmembrane flux for two water-soluble polymers (Tetronic 707 and Carbowax 4000). It is clear from Figure 9 that if we want to minimize the effects of concentration polarization, we have to conduct experiments at very low values of transmembrane flux. 

Biphenyl Fraction. The low molecular weight compounds, soluble in isooctane and hot methanol, were primarily biphenyl and o-, m-, and p-terphenyl. These products were identified by gas-liquid chromatography using a silicone gum rubber column (Figure 4) and a Carbowax 20M column with appropriate standards. The components were trapped and analyzed by infrared and NMR spectroscopy for confirmation. Biphenyl was present in sufficient quantity to be readily detected in the initial infrared spectrum and was isolated by sublimation. Quantitative data, obtained using the silicone column with appropriate calibration curves are presented in Table III. With the possible exception of biphenyl, the yields are very low considering the overall conversion noted. The o-, m-, and p-terphenyl ratio (1/0.4/1) indicates a preference for the para position beyond that expected for random attack. 

HPC is compatible with most water-soluble gums and resins, and yields homogeneous solutions with MC, hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), carboxymelhyl cellulose (CMC), guar, alginate, and locust bean gum, gelatin, sodium caseinate, poly(ethylene oxide), carbowax, etc. (Figure 26.2)... 

Solubilities of Commonly Used Substances in CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycols 400,540 Blend and 3350... 

Solubilities of CARBOWAX Polyethylene Glycols 400, 540 Blend and 3350 In Common Solvents... 

Polyethers have high water solubilities because of their ability to form multiple hydrogen bonds to water molecules. Marketed commercially as carbowaxes, these polymers have a variety of uses, ranging from use in gas chromatography columns to applications in cosmetics. 

The polyethylene glycols may be obtained in a series ranging in molecular weights from 2(X) to over 6000 (Carbowax). The lower members in this series are soluble in water, whereas the higher species form dispersions in water. Carbowax is often used more for its waxy properties than for its plasticizing ability. 

Column capacity is highly affected by the film thickness and column diameter. The capacity of a column is defined as the maximum amount of sample that can be injected into a column before significant peak distortion occurs. Capacity is related to film thickness, column diameter, and the solubility or polarity match between the solute and the stationary phase. Capacity increases as the column s film thickness or diameter is increased. The more soluble a salute is in the stationary phase, the greater is the column capacity for the solute. For example, a polar solute (e.g., an alcohol) will have greater solubility in a polar stationary phase (e.g., Carbowax) than in a nonpolar phase (e.g., dimethylsilicone). Exceeding column capacity or overloading is indicated by peak broadening or asymmetry. 

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