Polyoxyethylene esters of fatty acids

Satkowski WB, Huang SK, Liss RL. Polyoxyethylene esters of fatty acids. In Schick MJ, ed. Nonionic Surfactants. New York Marcel Dekker, 1967 142-174. 

Dizad 6. [Blackman Uhler] Polyoxyethylene ester of fatty acids nonfoaming stabilizer for diazo bath in naphthol dyeing and printing. 

Rokwinol 60 (polyoxyethylene ester of fatty acids and sorbitan) 2.42... 

Kosswig, K., Polyoxyethylene esters of fatty acids, in N. M. van Os, ed.. Nonionic Surfactants Organic Chemistry, Marcel Dekker, 1998. 

Polyoxyethylene Esters. This series of surfactants consists of polyoxyethylene (polyethylene glycol) esters of fatty acids and aUphatic carboxyhc acids related to abietic acid (see Resins, natural). They differ markedly from mono- and diglycerides in properties and uses. 

Drewmulse [Drew]. TM for a series of glycerol and glycol esters, and sorbitan and polyoxyethylene sorbitan esters of fatty acids. 

The most abundant products among nonionics are ethoxylated alcohols and alkylphenols, polyglycol esters of fatty acids and related compounds having polyoxyethylene chain as hydrophilic group. 

Up to early 1990s, it was assumed that oxyethylation can occur only when the hydrophobic reagent had a labile hydrogen [1-3,5]. Thus, fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) were not considered as a raw material for the direct synthesis of nonionic surfactants with a polyoxyethylene chain. However, esters of fatty acids and PEG monomethyl ethers were known and their properties were described [6]. They were synthesized in a two-step process. Methanol was oxyethylated to PEG monomethyl ether that was then converted into the final product by transesterification with FAME or by esterification with fatty acids, carried out in the presence of an alkaline B or an acid catalyst, respectively. Esters of typical nonionics were synthesized in similar ways and their properties were described [7-9]. 

Using sucrose mono-esters of fatty acids prepared according to Osipow et al. [173], Mima [174] solubilized vitamins A, D2, and vitamin E acetate. The sucrose esters were employed in an attempt to overcome the problems encountered when polyoxyethylene glycol ethers are used, such as the sensitivity... 

Table 17. Polyoxyethylene Esters of Rosin, Tall Oil, and Fatty Acids ...

Sorbitan fatty acid esters are produced by polymerization of ethylene oxide to sorbitan fatty acid esters. The resulting polyoxyethylene sorbitan esters are nonionic hydrophilic emulsifiers. They are used in bakery products as antistaling agents. They ate known as polysorbates with a number as indication of the type of fatty acid used (e.g., lauric, stearic, or oleic acid). 

Fats and oils are the feedstocks for the industrial production of fatty acids (102). In addition to a major use in the production of bar soaps, these are also employed as starting materials for the production of fatty amines, amides, alcohols, polyoxyethylene esters, and other derivatives widely used in the nonfood industrial sector. 

Hirofumi, N., Itsuo, H., Yuji, F. and Yuichi N., Method and manufacturing of fatty acid esters of polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, US Patent 5374 750, to Lion Corporation (1994). 

Polyoxyethylene sorbitan esters, 229,233 Polyporus hirsutus, 153 Pongamia glabra, 72 Poppy seed oil, 80,104-06 Porphyrins, 413, 446 Positional distribution of fatty acids,... 

Other food emulsifiers are made by transesterification of fatty acid methyl esters with poly glycerols, sorbitan, sucrose and stearoyl lactate (Figure 10.2). Sugar, sorbitan fatty esters and polyoxyethylene sorbitan esters are used to stabilize oil-in-water food emulsions. Optimum emulsification is achieved with combinations of emulsifiers. Margarines are made with a combination of monoglycerides and lecithin, and cake mixes with a mixture of monoglycerides and propylene glycol monoesters. 

Table 6.11 Relation between HLB of polyoxyethylene glycol stearates and polyoxyethylene glycol sorbitan fatty acid esters and the minimum bactericidal concentration of tyrothricin. Surfactant concentration 2x lO- moir ...

An important hydrophobe for nonionic surfactants is obtained from fatty acid moieties. Of particular importance are poly(ethylene oxide) esters of the C12 to Cig fatty acids. Such compounds can be formed by the direct esterification of polyoxyethylene with a fatty acid via a condensation reaction. 

Commercial polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters contain varying proportions of monoesters,... 

Ethoxylated Anhydrosorbitol Esters. Ethoxylation of sorbitan fatty acid esters leads to a series of more hydrophilic surfactants (Table 19). All hydroxyl groups of sorbitan can react with ethylene oxide. The stmcture of the principal component of a nominal polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate illustrates the composition of these products, where w x y z = 20. 

An oral dental riase geaeraHy coasists of water, alcohol, a humectant, an emulsifier, flavor, color, and an active agent. Water is the primary vehicle. The alcohol provides bite and is also a formulation aid. The humectant improves the feel ia the mouth and also prevents locking of the cap to the container between uses glycerin or noncrystaUiziag sorbitol may be satisfactory. The emulsifier is a nonionic type, for example, a polyoxyethylene—polyoxypropylene block copolymer or a polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester. Flavors are generally a type of mint or cinnamon. Colors are FD C or D C. 

Essentially, Tri-Act corrosion inhibitors are based on various combinations and ratios of different sorbitan fatty acid esters (e.g., sorbitan tristearate) and polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters (e.g., POE... 

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