Carbon nanotubes /polymer composites fibers

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Kim, G.-M., G. H. Michler, and P. Potschke (2005b). Deformation processes of ultrahigh porous multiwalled carbon nanotubes/polycarbonate composite fibers prepared by electrospinning. Polymer 46(18) 7346-7351. 

Bayley, G. M. Hedenquist, M. Mallon, P. E., Large Strain and Toughness Enhancement of Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Composite Films Filled with Electros-pun Polyacrylonitrile-graft-Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Fibers and Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. Polymer 2011, 52,4061-4172. 

Zhou G J, Wang S F, Zhang Y, Zhuang Q X and Han Z W (2008) In situ preparation and continuous fiber spinning of poly(p-phenylene benzobisoxazole) composites with oligo-hydroxy-amide-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes, Polymer 49 2520-2530. 

Carbon nanotnbes are regarded as ideal filler materials for polymeric fiber reinforcement dne to their exceptional mechanical properties and cylindrical geometry (nanometer-size diameter). Polymer chains in the vicinity of carbon nanotubes (interphase) have been observed to have a more compact packing, higher orientation, and better mechanical properties than bulk polymers due to the carbon nanotube polymer interaction. The existence of interphase polymers in composite fibers, their strnctnral characterization, and fiber properties are summarized and discussed in the literature (Liu and Satish 2014). Besides improvements in tensile properties, the presence of carbon nanotubes in polymeric fibers also influences other factors (thermal stability, thermal transition temperature, fiber thermal shrinkage, chemical resistance, electrical conductivity, and thermal conductivity). 

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are highly desirable materials possessing unique structural, mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties [25-30], Electrospun nanotube-polymer composite nanofibers are very attractive materials for a wide range of applications. This is due to the fact that the use of the electrospinning technique to incorporate CNTs in polymer nanofibers induces ahgnment of nanotubes within the nanofiber structure, which could greatly enhance the mechanical, electrical and thermal properties of composite fibers. " ... 

Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and PAN/carbon nanotubes (CNTs) precursor fibers coated by spin finishes were characterized using the H ssNMR technique, these include Hahn echo sequences and by the Ti analysis. Ghoshal et al. found that the presence of CNT affects the relaxation time of the polymer in the composite fiber, however, that of relatively mobile components remains unaffected. 

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Lin L, Deng H, Gao X, Zhang S, Bilotti E, Peijs T, Fu Q (2013) Modified resistivity-strain behavior through the incorporation of metallic particles in conductive polymer composite fibers containing carbon nanotubes. Polym Int 62 134... 

Breuer O, Sundararaj U (2004). Big returns from small fibers a review of polymer/carbon nanotube composites. Polymer Composites 25 630-645. 

Liu Y-N, Li M, Gu Y, ZhangX, Zhao J, Li Q, et al. The interfacial strength and fracture characteristics of ethanol and polymer modified carbon nanotube fibers in their epoxy composites. Carbon. 2013 Feb 52(0) 550-8. 

Barrera et al. (3) sidewall functionalized carbon nanotubes with organosilanes for polymer composites, (III), with glass fibers for use in advanced cylindrical nanotube (CNT)-polymer composites. 

Hsiao, Kuang-Ting, et al., Use of Epoxy/Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes as Adhesives to Join Graphite Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites, Nanotechnology, vol. 24, July 2003, pp. 791-793. 

Poly(vinyl) alcohol (PVA) is a semi-crystalline polymer, which is already widely used for various applications, either under the form of films or fibers. Compared to other polymers, as it is water-soluble at high temperature, it is easy to process from aqueous solutions. Carbon nanotubes can also be dispersed or solubilized in water via different functionalization approaches. It was quite natural for researchers to try to mix carbon nanotubes and PVA to improve the properties of the neat polymer. In this chapter, we will first examine the different methods that have been used to process CNT/PVA composites. The structures and the particular interaction between the polymer and the nanotube surface have been characterized in several works. Then we will consider the composite mechanical properties, which have been extensively investigated in the literature. Despite the number of publications in the field, we will see that a lot of work is still to be done for achieving the most of the exceptional reinforcement potential of carbon nanotubes. 

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