Fiber polymer composites

J. A. Youngquist, A. M. Krzysik, and J. H. Muehl, Wood Fiber Polymer Composites Fundamental Concepts, Processes, and Material Options (M. P. Wolcott, ed.), U.S. Forest Products Society, Wisconsin, p. 79 (1993). 

Analog-to-glass fibers silanes are used as coupling agents for natural fiber polymer composites. For example, the treatment of wood fibers with product A-175 improves wood dimensional stability [53]. In contrast, a decrease of mechanical properties was observed for coir-UP composites after a fiber modification with di-chloromethylvinyl silane [54]. The treatment of mercer-... 

De, S.K. and White, J.R. (Eds.), Short Fiber-Polymer Composites, Woodhead Publishing, Cambridge, 1996. 

Jana, P.B., Mallick, A.K., and De, S.K., Electrically conductive rubber and plastic composites with carbon particles or conductive fibres, in Short Fiber-Polymer Composites, De, S.K. and White, J.R. (Eds.), Woodhead Publishing, Cambridge, 1996, Chapter 7. 

Rowell, R.M., Cleary, B.A., Rowell, J.S., Clemons, C. and Young, R.A. (1993b). Results of chemical modification of lignocellulosic fibers for use in composites. In Wood Fiber/Polymer Composites Fundamental Concepts, Processes, and Material Options, Wolcott, M.P. (Ed.). Eorest Products Society, Madison, Wiseconsin, USA, pp. 121-127. 

Hashemi, S., Kinloch, A.J. and Williams, J.G. (1990b). The analysis of interlaminar fracture in uniaxial fiber polymer composites. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. A427, 173-199. 

Bell J.P., Chang J., Rhee H.W, and Joseph R. (1987). Application of ductile polymeric coatings onto graphite fibers. Polym. Composites 8, 46-52. 

Crasto, A.S., Own, S.H. and Subramanian, R.V. (1988). The influence of the interphase on composite properties Poly(cthylene-co-acrylic acid) and poly(methyl vinyl ether-co-maleic anhydride) electrode-posited on graphite fibers. Polym. Composites 9, 78-92. 

Kalnin, I. L., and H. Jager (1985). Carbon fiber surfaces—characterization, modification and effect on the fracture behavior of carbon fiber-polymer composites, pp. 62—77. In Fitzer E., ed. Carbon Fibers and Their Composites. Springer-Verlag, New York. 

Hashemi S, Kinloch AJ, Williams G, Mixed mode fracture in fiber-polymer composite laminates, ASTM STP 1110, ed O Brien TK, 1991, 143-168. 

D.A. Johnson, D.A. Johnson, J.L. Urich, R.M. Rowell, R. Jacobson, and D.F. Canfield. Weathering characteristics of fiber-polymer composites. In Fifth International Conference on Woofiber-Plastic Composites, Forest Products Society, Madison, WI, May 26-27, 1999. 

A more common and widely used process involves the preparation of short-fiber polymer composite materials and particulate composite polymeric materials, where the fibers or particles act as reinforcement of the polymer. In this particular case, when a polymer matrix is filled with fibers or particles, which in general possess higher mechanical properties than the polymer matrix, the resultant composite material presents properties that are between those of the soft polymer matrix and the rigid filler. 

Particulate polymer composites with fibers are a very active area of development, particularly carbon nanotubes and nanofiber composites, and the new graphite and polymer composites [35]. This fact, combined with the continued interest in nancomoposites based in nanometric clays [36], suggests that improvements in mechanical properties of particulate and short-fiber polymer composite materials will continue to be reported. 

Tze WTY, Gardner DJ, Tripp CP, Shaler SM, O NeiU SC. Interfacial adhesion studies of cellulose-fiber/polymer composites using a Micro-Raman technique. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Woodfiber-Plastic Composites 2001 Madison, WI. Wisconsin Forest Products Society 2002. p 177. 

Materials can also be partly produced from plants such as oil-based plant fiber/polymer composites. The interest in plant fiber resides in their low cost, their low abrasiveness (toward implementation machineiy) and particularly their low toxicity compared with synthetic fibers, which are irritants to the respiratory tract [MOH 00], Hemp, hessian, sisal or flax are largely used in cars in Germany. During 2005, 3.5 kg of natural fibers were used per automobile passenger in Germaity, particularly in compression molded composite parts [MON 05]. 

Gopalan, R., Somashekar, B.R., and Dattaguru, B. 1989. Environmental effects on fiber-polymer composites, Polym. Degradat. Stabil, 24,361-371. 

Eulaliopsis binata fiber-reinforced polymer composites are more eco-friendly and cost effective compared to the traditional synthetic fiber-reinforced composites. The aim of the present work was to study the reinforcing potential of the Euiaiiopsis binata fibers in the short fiber form. The mechanical performance of these Euiaiiopsis binata fiber polymer composites was found to be higher than that of the pure polymer. However challenges still exist In further improving the mechanical properties of these composites to make them competitive to their synthetic counterparts. 

Nabi Saheb D. and Jog, J.P. (1999) Natural fiber polymer composites a review. Advances in Polymer Technology, 18, 295-382. 

Within the past few years, many investigators have observed an increase in the degree of crystallinity or crystallite size of semicrystalline polymer-CNT composites due to the addition of CNTs. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) melting endotherms have been frequently employed to demonstrate this effect (Table 35.3). Recently, Coleman et al. [69] investigated this induced crystallization effect, and related it to the mechanical properties of the composite. The results highlight a fundamental difference between CNT-polymer composites and carbon fiber—polymer composites with CNT composites the interface dominates all other effects due to the vast surface area/volume ratio that CNTs have relative to carbon fibers (Fig. 35.2). 

E. Basavaraj, B. Ramaraj and A Siddaramaiah., Study on Mechanical, Thermal, and Wear Characteristics of Nylon 66/Molybdenum Disulfide Composites Reinforced With Glass Fibers, Polymer Composites, 2012, 1570. 

G. Francucci, A. Vazquez, E. Ruiz and E. S. Rodriguez, Capillary Effects in Vacuum-Assisted Resin Transfer Molding With Natural Fibers, Polymer Composites, 2012, 1593. 

De SK, White JR eds.. Short Fiber Polymer Composites, Structure Property Relations, Lee SM ed.. International Encyclopedia of Composites, Vol 5, VCH, New York, 130, 1991. Manas-Zlocower, Tadmor Z eds.. Mixing and Compounding of Polymers, Theory and Practice, Hanser Publishers, Munich, 1994. 

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