Carbon monoxide history

The combustible components of the gas are carbon monoxide and hydrogen, but combustion (heat) value varies because of dilution with carbon dioxide and with nitrogen. The gas has a low flame temperature unless the combustion air is strongly preheated. Its use has been limited essentially to steel (qv) mills, where it is produced as a by-product of blast furnaces. A common choice of equipment for the smaller gas producers is the WeUman-Galusha unit because of its long history of successful operation (21). 

The history of catalytic converters was reviewed recently by Ebel (12). Some of the early patents and publications on catalytic treatment of exhaust gases date from 1925. One of the earliest uses of an oxidation catalyst was in chemical plant exhaust control beginning in 1949, when the main gases to be removed were carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons. 

The following factors have been suggested as alternatives to consider when presented with a potential case of exposure to bicyclophosphates history of epilepsy exposure to alcohol, cocaine, lead, camphor, strychnine, and/or carbon monoxide medicinals such as phenothiazines head trauma, heatstroke encephalitis, meningitis, and tetanus. 

Finally, it is of interest, not only to the student of industrial archelogical history, but also to the modern technologist, to refer to coal gasification. A few decades ago the gasification of coal provided a means of supplying communities with coal gas, a mixture of hydrogen, methane and carbon monoxide, which could be ignited in burners and used as a domestic or industrial source of heat. With the discovery of natural gas... 

The history of the oxo reaction is also noteworthy. It was developed originally in Germany in the years following World War 1. At that time, the German chemical industry was faced with inadequate supplies of petroleum. Many German chemists therefore turned to research on ways by which hydrocarbons could be synthesized from smaller building blocks, particularly carbon monoxide and hydrogen derived from coal. The success achieved was remarkable and led to alkane and alkene syntheses known as the Fischer-Tropsch process ... 

E. E. Donath History of Catalysis in Coal Liquefac-tioa - G. K Boreskov Catalytic Activation of Dioxygen. - M. A. Wannice Catalytic Activation of Carbon Monoxide on Metal Surfaces. - S.R. Morrison Chemisorption on Nonmetallic Surfaces. - Z. Knor Chemisorption of Dihydrogen. - P.N.lfylander Catalytic Processes in Organic Conversions. 

The calculations presented here are intended to show the effect of buoyancy on the ignition properties of a homogeneous fuel-oxydizer mixture, in this case carbon monoxide-oxygen. The experimental cell chosen was 1.2 cm in height, and 1.6 cm in diameter. The grid system was 40 x 40 for the ma n gricj and 39 x 39 for the grid used to carry the time histories i / and . The initial species composition was CO + 20. ... 

Pankow, D. (2000). History of carbon monoxide poisoning. In Carbon Monoxide Toxicity (D.G. Penny, ed.), pp. 1-17. CRC Press, Washington, DC. 

In carbon monoxide oxidation, the species X has been identified as the O atom [514, 515], and the observed glows, due to O + CO emission, are an indicator of its concentration history. The scheme proposed by Yang [515] is based on the Brokaw mechanism (see Sect. 10.1.3(a)), and consists of the reactions... 

IR spectroscopic investigation of intermolecnlar interactions with phenols has a long history. Phenols are freqnently nsed as convenient model proton donors in the study of intermolecularly hydrogen bonded systems. Differently snbstitnted phenols are characterized by a range of different acidities, and complexes can be stndied with a wide variety of proton acceptors. The most commonly adopted acceptors are O and N bases. A special case is carbon monoxide that in complexes with phenols apparently forms ArOH- CO contacts (rather than ArOH- OC). Here we mention some recent investigations with typical proton acceptors like water, alcohols and amines. 

The reduction of tungsten oxides by carbon or carbon-containing compoimds can be easily performed. Statements about the starting temperature for the reaction between WO3 and solid carbon (carbon blacks, graphite) vary in the current literature between 655 °C and 783 °C. Differences in WO3 and C properties (particle size of the powders, preparation history, crystallinity, etc.) as well as in atmospheres may be responsible for that. The temperature range coincides with the begirming of self-conductivity and sublimation of WO3. Carbon monoxide starts to react witii WO3 at 535 °C (reduction pressure 1 bar, PcoJPco equilibrium ratio 8.52) [3.45]. 

Mixtures of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen and water as formed by the reaction of steam on hot carbon are frequently found to contain methane. Methane formation may result from a variety of different reactions and its quantity depends upon the condition of the experiment i.e., temperature, pressure, the relative proportions of the gases, and the catalysts present. The phenomena involved in the formation of methane have been the subject of investigations which have extended over a long period of time and which have been undertaken largely with two objects in mind first, the enrichment of water-gas for illuminating purposes, and second, the utilization of coal as a source of liquid fuels.3 It seems desirable at this point to review briefly the earl - history of these developments.4... 

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