Water reaction with carbon dioxide

The by-product CO2 is released to the atmosphere. In plant metaboHsm, carbon dioxide from the air is taken into the leaves of the plant. Using energy from light, carbon dioxide reacts with water ia the presence of enzymes to produce sugar. This reaction, photosynthesis, is the reverse of the above reaction. 

Carbon dioxide is reduced to the monoxide by reaction with hot carbon. By reaction with water, carbon dioxide (carbonic anhydride) reacts to a limited extent to form carbonic acid... 

Carbon dioxide is a major end product of aerobic metabolism. In complex organisms, this carbon dioxide is released into the blood and transported to the lungs for exhalation. While in the blood, carbon dioxide reacts with water. The product of this reaction is a moderately strong acid, carbonic acid (pAT = 3.5), which becomes bicarbonate ion on the loss of a proton. 

Figure 7.20 Carbon dioxide and pH. Carbon dioxide in the tissues diffuses into red blood cells, Inside a red blood cell, carbon dioxide reacts with water to form carbonic acid, in a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme carbonic anhydrase. Carbonic acid dissociates to form HCOj and H , resulting in a drop in pH inside the red cell.

Carbon dioxide reacts with water to form carbonic acid, H CX) i. ITiis reaction is accelerated by carbonic anhydnise, an enzyme abundant in red blood cells that will be considered extensively in Chapter 9. Carbonic acid is a strong acid with a pK, of 3.5. Thus, once formed, carbonic acid dissociates to form bicarbonate ion, HCO.Ct cind H, resulting in a drop in pH. This drop in pH stabilizes the T state by the mechanism discussed previously. 

Carbon dioxide reacts with water to form the weak acid H2CO3 which would cause the blood acidity to become dangerously high if it were not promptly removed as it is excreted by the cells. This is accomplished by combining it with carbonate ion through the reaction... 

BENZYLCARBONYL CHLORIDE (501-53-1) Combustible liquid (flash point 176°F/80°C oc). Vigorous decomposition occurs at these temperatures thus, these values are anomalous due to the effect of the decomposition products (benzyl chloride and carbon dioxide). Reacts with water, producing hydrochloric acid. Violent reaction with strong oxidizers, bases. Incompatible with strong acids, nitrates. The aqueous solution is incompatible with sulfuric acid, alkalis, ammonia, aliphatic amines, alkanolamines, alkylene oxides, amides, epichlorohydrin, organic anhydrides, isocyanates, nitromethane, vinyl acetate. Attacks metals in the presence of moisture. 

Stability Highly reactive carbmethoxylation agent, which means hydrolysis in water to methanol and carbon dioxide, reaction with N-H, S-H and 0-H groups according to the following reaction scheme ... 

Recall from the "Chemistiy and Life" box in Section 2.7 that zinc is needed in our diets in trace amounts. Zinc is an essential part of several enzymes, the proteins that facilitate or regulate the speeds of key biological reactions. For example, one of the most important zinc-containing enzymes is carbonic anhydrase. This enzyme is found in red blood cells. Its job is to facilitate the reaction of carbon dioxide (CO2) with water to form the bicarbonate ion (HCOs ) ... 

Write balanced equations for the following reactions and name the products (a) carbon dioxide, CO2, with water ... 

Nonmetal oxides can react with water to form acids. For example, carbon dioxide reacts with water to form carbonic acid CO2 + HjO — HjCOj. What acid forms as the result of the reaction of sulfur trioxide and water Write the equation for the reaction. 

Lungs (respiratory). Carbon dioxide combines with water and electrolytes in the extracellular fluid to form carbonic acid in accordance with the following reaction ... 

A weak acid formed by the reaction of carbon dioxide gas with water. Under certain conditions carbonic acid may release the bicarbonate ion which helps to maintain the neutrality of the blood and body fluids. 

The common treatment methods are acidification, neutralization, and incineration. When oxahc acid is heated slightly in sulfuric acid, it is converted to carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and water. Reaction with acid potassium permanganate converts it to carbon dioxide. Neutralization with alkahes, such as caustic soda, yields soluble oxalates. Neutralization with lime gives practically insoluble calcium oxalate, which can be safely disposed of, for instance, by incineration. 

Telomerization Reactions. Butadiene can react readily with a number of chain-transfer agents to undergo telomerization reactions. The more often studied reagents are carbon dioxide (167—178), water (179—181), ammonia (182), alcohols (183—185), amines (186), acetic acid (187), water and CO2 (188), ammonia and CO2 (189), epoxide and CO2 (190), mercaptans (191), and other systems (171). These reactions have been widely studied and used in making unsaturated lactones, alcohols, amines, ethers, esters, and many other compounds. 

The in situ generation of the carbon dioxide adduct of an indole provides sufficient protection and activation of an indole for metalation at C-2 with r-butyl-lithium. The lithium reagent can be quenched with an electrophile, and quenching of the reaction with water releases the carbon dioxide. ... 

In chemical reactions, when the atomic configurations of molecules are changed, matter is neither created nor destroyed (Law of Conservation of Matter). The identity and number of atoms remain unchanged. When methane gas (Cl L) is burned, its atoms don t disappear they combine with oxygen (O,) in the air and are transformed into carbon dioxide (CO,) and water vapor (H,0) ... 

Passivating films may change their chemical composition after their formation due to reactions with water or carbon dioxide lithium alkylcarbonates react with traces of water to yield lithium carbonate (see Table 8). 

H.15 Write a balanced equation for the complete combustion (reaction with oxygen) of liquid heptane, C7H)6, a component typical of the hydrocarbons in gasoline, to carbon dioxide gas and water vapor. 

C04-0032. Carbonic acid, H2 CO3 (molecular model shown below), is a weak oxoacid that forms when carbon dioxide dissolves in water. Carbonic acid contains two acidic hydrogen atoms. Write the net ionic reaction that occurs when carbonic acid reacts with an excess of hydroxide ions. Draw a molecular picture of the process. 

When calcium carbonate goes into solution, it releases basic carbonate ions (COf ), which react with hydrogen ions to form carbon dioxide (which will normally remain in solution at deep-well-injection pressures) and water. Removal of hydrogen ions raises the pH of the solution. However, aqueous carbon dioxide serves to buffer the solution (i.e., re-forms carbonic acid in reaction with water to add H+ ions to solution). Consequently, the buffering capacity of the solution must be exceeded before complete neutralization will take place. Nitric acid can react with certain alcohols and ketones under increased pressure to increase the pH of the solution, and this reaction was proposed by Goolsby41 to explain the lower-than-expected level of calcium ions in backflowed waste at the Monsanto waste injection facility in Florida. 

CO3 species was formed and the X-ray structure solved. It is thought that the carbonate species forms on reaction with water, which was problematic in the selected strategy, as water was produced in the formation of the dialkyl carbonates. Other problems included compound solubility and the stability of the monoalkyl carbonate complex. Van Eldik and co-workers also carried out a detailed kinetic study of the hydration of carbon dioxide and the dehydration of bicarbonate both in the presence and absence of the zinc complex of 1,5,9-triazacyclododecane (12[ane]N3). The zinc hydroxo form is shown to catalyze the hydration reaction and only the aquo complex catalyzes the dehydration of bicarbonate. Kinetic data including second order rate constants were discussed in reference to other model systems and the enzyme carbonic anhy-drase.459 The zinc complex of the tetraamine 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (cyclen) was also studied as a catalyst for these reactions in aqueous solution and comparison of activity suggests formation of a bidentate bicarbonate intermediate inhibits the catalytic activity. Van Eldik concludes that a unidentate bicarbonate intermediate is most likely to the active species in the enzyme carbonic anhydrase.460... 

Neutral solutions also contain a dissolved salt, derived from the neutralization of the acid and the base (a salt is an ionic compound formed in a neutralization reaction and is composed of the cation of an alkali and the anion of an acid). When a solution of carbonic acid (formed when atmospheric carbon dioxide dissolves in water), for example, reacts with an alkaline solution of lime, the two solutions neutralize each other and form a salt, calcium carbonate ... 

---