Carbonic acid forms

Where problems develop, there is always a cause-and-effect process. In this case, as oxygen infiltrates the CR system, enhanced condensate line corrosion results (i.e., corrosion over and above the level that may be caused by the carbonic acid formed during steam condensation). This enhanced corrosion, in turn, creates the potential for further downstream corrosion debris pickup by the returning condensate and transporting this material back to the FW system. 

Neutral solutions also contain a dissolved salt, derived from the neutralization of the acid and the base (a salt is an ionic compound formed in a neutralization reaction and is composed of the cation of an alkali and the anion of an acid). When a solution of carbonic acid (formed when atmospheric carbon dioxide dissolves in water), for example, reacts with an alkaline solution of lime, the two solutions neutralize each other and form a salt, calcium carbonate ... 

As metabolism increases, oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production are enhanced. The concentration of hydrogen ions is also enhanced as more carbonic acid (formed from carbon dioxide) and lactic acid are produced by the working tissue. Furthermore, the concentration of potassium ions in the interstitial fluid is increased. The rate of potassium release from the cells due to repeated action potentials exceeds the rate of potassium... 

In spite of these limitations, estimates for ocean storage capacity in excess of 100,000 billion GtC have been cited (Herzog et al., 1997). Such numbers would only be feasible if alkalinity (i.e., NaOH) is added to the ocean to neutralize the corresponding amounts of carbonic acid formed. Over thousands of years, the dissolution of calcareous oozes at the bottom of the ocean could provide such alkalinity (Archer et al., 1997 Broecker and Takahashi, 1978). 

It is time to introduce a few new words. We say carbonic acid forms by hydrolysis, i.e. by splitting a molecule of water. We describe the extent of hydrolysis in Equation (6.5) by the following equilibrium constant ... 

Owing to the acyl group to which it is bound, the amino-group loses its basic character almost entirely. Salts of the amides with strong acids are indeed known, but such salts are immediately and completely decomposed into their constituents by water. Only urea, the diamide of carbonic acid, forms stable salts, the existence of which is made possible by the second NHa-group. 

Carbonic acid and ammonia can unite in the most varied proportions. The number of these combinations is indeed surprising. I have prepared several of them. . . and it would have been easy for me to have increased their number. . . but I have contented myself with indicating the possibility of their existence since their preparation and examination would occasion more trouble than the subject merited.. . . The reason for the great number of these combinations arises less from the weak affinity which carbonic acid has for ammonia, than from the circumstances that the various combinations have a great tendency to form double salts with one another. I regard the several salts which carbonic acid forms with ammonia as double salts combined ip different proportions. 

When CO, is absorbed by pure water, the conductivity increases from dissociation of the H,CO, (carbonic acid) formed. Atmospheric CO, can be measured by conductivity.7... 

When the carbonic acid forms, it dissociates according to its acid strength. H2C03 H+ + HC03-... 

Q3 The cells which produce HC1 are the parietal cells acid secretion can produce a stomach pH of 1.5-2. H+ is secreted into the stomach lumen by an ATP-dependent proton pump in exchange for K+. H+ secretion depends on the dissociation of carbonic acid, formed by the hydrolysis of C02, in a reaction catalysed by carbonic anhydrase ... 

The supply of H+ ions is probably furnished by carbonic acid formed when CO2 from the air dissolves in water. 

The Ca—Mg—HCO3- and Ca—Mg—SO4-type groundwater from the glacial drift aquifers reflects the dissolution of calcite and dolomite by carbonic acid formed in the soil zone, and the production and leaching of secondary gypsum through oxidation of sulfide in the presence of calcite or dolomite under conditions of partial saturation. In cases where the content of carbonates is low, silicate mineral weathering potentially occurs. 

In fact, the carbonic acid formed when carbon dioxide dissolves in the water gradually ionizes to form an acidic H+ ion and a bicarbonate base, HCO ... 

The simple models of cation exchange presented here have not yet considered as a competing cation, even though it is always present in clay-water systems. cations are produced by water dissociation or, more importantly (because carbonic acid is more acidic than water), by the dissociation of carbonic acid formed from the dissolution of CO2 in water ... 

C02(g) + H Od) H2C03(aq) Carbonic acid forms a hydronium ion and a hydrogen carbonate ion. 

The major sink for atmospheric C02 involves the subaerial weathering of carbonates and silicates in sedimentary rocks. Physical weathering (e.g. freeze-thaw and tectonic action) increases the surface area available for chemical weathering by the carbonic acid formed upon dissolution of C02 in rain water ... 

The reaction can be brought about by passing a mixture of ethylene and carbon dioxide into a suspension of bleaching powder in water the carbonic acid formed liberates hypochlorous acid from the calcium hypochlorite produced from the bleaching... 

Taking into account solubility and stability boundaries of organic acids and of carbonic acid we may conclude that the organic acids are more efficient on a local scale for the dissolution of carbonate and silica cements. Where the source of the latter, i.e. the carbonic acid, is deep and further removed they may not increase the porosity by solution and removal of cement. The action of carbonic acid formed by decarboxylation on carbonate cement leads to the enrichment, in the dissolved carbonate, of the light carbon isotope inherited from the organic matter whereas the reaction of organic acids with the carbonate cement takes place under dissociation with the formation of secondary carbonate enriched with the heavy carbon isotope inherited from carbonates of mineral origin. 

---