Carbon dioxide disulfide

The secondary reduction of the terminal radical by Sml2 generates samarium alkyl species which are suitable for classical organometallic reactions, e.g. protonation, acylation, reactions with carbon dioxide, disulfides, diselenides, or the Eschenmoser salt. A broad variety of products is available (hydroxy-substituted alkanes, esters, carboxylic acids, thioethers, selenoethers, tertiary amines) by use of the double-redox four-step (reduction-radical reaction-reduction-anion reaction) route (Scheme 20) [73]. 

Without carbon, the basis for life would be impossible. While it has been thought that silicon might take the place of carbon in forming a host of similar compounds, it is now not possible to form stable compounds with very long chains of silicon atoms. The atmosphere of Mars contains 96.2% CO2. Some of the most important compounds of carbon are carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon disulfide (CS2), chloroform (CHCb), carbon tetrachloride (CCk), methane (CHr), ethylene (C2H4), acetylene (C2H2), benzene (CeHe), acetic acid (CHsCOOH), and their derivatives. 

Hydrazine as Nucleophile. Reaction of hydrazine and carbon dioxide or carbon disulfide gives, respectively, hydrazinecarboxyhc acid [471-31-8], NH2NHCOOH, and hydrazinecarbodithioic acid [471-32-9], NH2NHCSSH, in the form of the hydrazinium salts. These compounds are useful starting materials for further synthesis. For example, if carbon disulfide reacts with hydrazine in basic medium with an alkyl haUde, an alkyl dithiocarbazate ester is obtained in a one-step reaction ... 

The various fumigants often exhibit considerable specificity toward insect pests, as shown in Table 8. The proper choice for any control operation is determined not only by the effectiveness of the gas but by cost safety to humans, animals, and plants flammabdity penetratabdity effect on seed germination and reactivity with furnishings. The fumigants may be used individually or in combination. Carbon tetrachloride has been incorporated with carbon disulfide, ethylene dichloride, or ethylene dibromide to decrease flammability, and carbon dioxide is used with ethylene oxide for the same purpose. 

Chemical Properties The formation of salts with acids is the most characteristic reaction of amines. Since the amines are soluble in organic solvents and the salts are usually not soluble, acidic products can be conveniendy separated by the reaction with an amine, the unshared electron pair on the amine nitrogen acting as proton acceptor. Amines are good nucleophiles reactions of amines at the nitrogen atom have as a first step the formation of a bond with the unshared electron pair of nitrogen, eg, reactions with acid anhydrides, haUdes, and esters, with carbon dioxide or carbon disulfide, and with isocyanic or isothiocyanic acid derivatives. 

Diarylamines do not react with carbon disulfide, whereas dialkylamines readily form dithiocarbamates. However, N,Ar-diaryldithiocarbamates can be prepared from metal salts of diarylamines and carbon disulfide (15). They are more stable than diaLkyldithiocarbarnic acids, eg, N,N -diphenyldithiocarbamic acid [7283-79-6] mp 142°C. Similarly, various metal salts of DPA react with carbon dioxide and an epoxide to give the P-hydroxyalkyldiphenylcarbamates (16). 

Chemica.1 Properties. Reviews of carbonyl sulfide chemistry are available (18,23,24). Carbonyl sulfide is a stable compound and can be stored under pressure ia steel cylinders as compressed gas ia equiUbrium with Hquid. At ca 600°C carbonyl sulfide disproportionates to carbon dioxide and carbon disulfide at ca 900°C it dissociates to carbon monoxide and sulfur. It bums with a blue flame to carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide. Carbonyl sulfide reacts... 

Other components in the feed gas may react with and degrade the amine solution. Many of these latter reactions can be reversed by appHcation of heat, as in a reclaimer. Some reaction products cannot be reclaimed, however. Thus to keep the concentration of these materials at an acceptable level, the solution must be purged and fresh amine added periodically. The principal sources of degradation products are the reactions with carbon dioxide, carbonyl sulfide, and carbon disulfide. In refineries, sour gas streams from vacuum distillation or from fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) units can contain oxygen or sulfur dioxide which form heat-stable salts with the amine solution (see Fluidization Petroleum). 

Diethanolamine (DEA) has replaced MEA as the most widely used amine solvent. High load DEA technologies, such as that developed by Elf Aquitaine, permit the use of high (up to 40 wt % DEA) concentration solutions. The Elf Aquitaine—DEA process allows lower cinculation rates, and has consequent reductions ia capital and utility expenses. DEA tends to be more resistant to degradation by carbonyl sulfide and carbon disulfide than MEA. DEA is, however, susceptible to degradation by carbon dioxide. 

Hot surfaces and electric sparks are potential ignition sources for carbon disulfide. The ignition temperature depends on specific conditions, and values from 90 to 120°C in air have been reported (2,22). Data on carbon disulfide oxidation and combustion have been summarized (18). Oxidation products ate generally sulfur dioxide [7446-09-5] and carbon dioxide [124-58-9J ... 

Hydrogen sulfide and carbon react at 900°C to give a 70% yield of carbon disulfide (102,103). A process for reaction of coke and hydrogen sulfide or sulfur in an electric-resistance-heated fluidized bed has been demonstrated on a laboratory scale (104). Hydrogen sulfide also forms carbon disulfide in reactions with carbon monoxide at 600—1125°C (105) or carbon dioxide at 350—450°C in the presence of catalysts (106). 

Chromium is highly acid-resistant and is only attacked by hydrochloric, hydrofluoric, and sulfuric acids. It is also resistant to other common corroding agents including acetone, alcohols, ammonia, carbon dioxide, carbon disulfide, foodstuffs, petroleum products, phenols, sodium hydroxide, and sulfur dioxide. 

CARBOBENZOXY CHLORIDE CARBOFURAN CARBON DIOXIDE CARBON DISULFIDE... 

Carbon dioxide has the formula COj. Remembering that the prefix di means two, and tri means three, write the molecular formula for each of the following substances carbon disulfide, sulfur dioxide, sulfur trioxide. (If you don t know the symbol for an element, use the table inside the back cover of the book.)... 

Copolymers of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide or carbon disulfide are frequently formed in combination with oxiranes, thiiranes or aziridines. Copolymerization of carbon monoxide and ethylenimine was carried out under radiation and the formation of 3-nylon was observed238. ... 

Yamazaki et al prepared polyureas and polythioureas from carbon dioxide and disulfide with diamines via the N-phosphonium salts281. ... 

The Addition of Amines to Carbon Disulfide and Carbon Dioxide... 

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