Capillary hyphenation with mass spectrometry

Barcelo-Barrachina, E., Moyano, E., and Galceran, M. T. (2004). State-of-the-art of the hyphenation of capillary electrochromatography with mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 25, 1927-1948. 

Hyphenation of Affinity Capillary Electrophoresis with Mass Spectrometry... 

Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry The first report on coupling capillary electrophoresis with mass spectrometry was published in 1987,-" Since then, it has become obvious that this hyphenated method will become a powerful and important tool in the analysis of large biopolyniers. such as proteins, polypeptides, and DNA species. In most of the applications reported to date, the capillary effluent is passed... 

In order to meet current standards in biomedical research, scaling of column dimensions down to the capillary or even nanoscale, and hyphenation with mass spectrometry are required for the development of glycan analysis technology. These requirements have already been fulfilled utilizing normal-phase [290] and reversed-phase chromatography [291] in the case of HPAE-PAD, however. 

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is a useful tool in phytochemical analysis, and it meets the requirements for the quality control of herbal drugs because of its versatility and high separation power. The wide opportunity for selectivity tuning allows the analysis of molecules with a wide range of polarity and molecular weight in addition like high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), the method is suitable for hyphenation with mass spectrometry (MS). 

The combination of chromatography and mass spectrometry (MS) is a subject that has attracted much interest over the last forty years or so. The combination of gas chromatography (GC) with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was first reported in 1958 and made available commercially in 1967. Since then, it has become increasingly utilized and is probably the most widely used hyphenated or tandem technique, as such combinations are often known. The acceptance of GC-MS as a routine technique has in no small part been due to the fact that interfaces have been available for both packed and capillary columns which allow the vast majority of compounds amenable to separation by gas chromatography to be transferred efficiently to the mass spectrometer. Compounds amenable to analysis by GC need to be both volatile, at the temperatures used to achieve separation, and thermally stable, i.e. the same requirements needed to produce mass spectra from an analyte using either electron (El) or chemical ionization (Cl) (see Chapter 3). In simple terms, therefore, virtually all compounds that pass through a GC column can be ionized and the full analytical capabilities of the mass spectrometer utilized. 

Gas and liquid chromatography directly coupled with atomic spectrometry have been reviewed [178,179], as well as the determination of trace elements by chromatographic methods employing atomic plasma emission spectrometric detection [180]. Sutton et al. [181] have reviewed the use and applications of ICP-MS as a chromatographic and capillary electrophoretic detector, whereas Niessen [182] has briefly reviewed the applications of mass spectrometry to hyphenated techniques. 

Leinweber, F.C., Schmid, D.G., Lubda, D., Wiesmuller, K., Jung, G., Tallarek, U. (2003). Silica-based monoliths for rapid peptide screening by capillary hquid chromatography hyphenated with electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun. Mass. Spectrom. 17, 1180-1188. 

Mass spectrometry (MS) is probably a famhiar tool to chemistry and biology students as a technique commonly used to measure the molecular mass of a sample. Often, MS is used in tandem with other techniques for chromatic separation of the sample before mass measurement. Some common hyphenated techniques include HPLC-MS, high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled to MS GC-MS, gas chromatography coupled to MS or CE-MS, capillary electrophoresis coupled to MS. 

Mass spectrometry provides detailed information regarding molecular weights and structures from extremely small quantities of materials. Several types of ionization sources can be employed for the on-line hyphenation of capillary electromigration techniques with MS, which include... 

Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE-MS) combines the separating power of CE with the uniquely powerful detection capabilities of MS. This hyphenated system enables the analyst to separate, identify and quantify components in a mixture. As with GC-MS and LC-MS instruments, there is a variety of mass spectrometric ionisation techniques and analysers available. 

More recently for ultratrace determination and speciation of antimony compounds the so-called hyphenated instrumental techniques have been applied which combine adequate separation devices with suitable element-specific detectors. They include high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) connected on-line with heated graphite furnace (HGF) AAS (HPLC-HGF-AAS), hydride-generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry (HPLC-HG-AFS) or inductively coupled plasma (ICP) mass spectrometry (MS) (HPLC-ICP-MS) capillary electrophoresis (CE) connected to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (CE-ICP-MS) and gas chromatography (GC) coupled with the same detectors as with HPLC. Reliable speciation of antimony compounds is still hampered by such problems as extractability of the element, preservation of its species information, and availability of Sb standard compounds (Nash et al. 2000, Krachler etal. 2001). Variants of anodic stripping voltammetry for speciation of antimony have also been applied (Quentel and Eilella 2002). 

Recent developments in spectroscopy and in analytical separation science, in the hyphenation of those methods as well as in multidimensional separations, have led to a dramatic increase in the amount of data emerging from a single analytical measurement. For example, a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) experiment with a capillary column and a... 

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