Cancer tumorigenesis

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Kresty, L.A. et al., Chemoprevention of esophageal tumorigenesis by dietary administration of lyophilized black raspberries. Cancer Res., 61, 6112, 2001. 

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Additional genes and protein receptors are believed to be important in colorectal tumorigenesis. Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), which is induced in colorectal cancer cells, influences apoptosis and other cellular functions in colon cells, and overexpression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a transmembrane glycoprotein involved... 

Arenberg DA, Kunkel SL, Polverini PJ, Glass M, Burdick MD, Stricter RM. Inhibition of interleukin-8 reduces tumorigenesis of human non-small cell lung cancer in SCID mice. J Clin Invest 1996 97(12) 2792-2802. 

Lian, F., D. E. Smith, H. Ernst, R. M. Russell, and X. D. Wang. 2007. Apo-lO -lycopenoic acid inhibits lung cancer cell growth in vitro, and suppresses lung tumorigenesis in the A/J mouse model in vivo. Carcinogenesis 28(7) 1567-1574. 

Kota J, Chivukula RR, O Donnell KA, Wentzel EA, Montgomery CL, Hwang HW, Chang TC, Vivekanandan P, Torbenson M, Clark KR, Mendell JR, Mendell JT (2009) Therapeutic microRNA delivery suppresses tumorigenesis in a murine liver cancer model. Cell 137 1005-1017... 

Jung KJ, Wallig MA and Singletary KW. 2006. Purple grape juice inhibits 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced rat mammary tumorigenesis and in vivo DMBA-DNA adduct formation. Cancer Lett 233 279-288. 

Yamagishi M, Natsume M, Osakabe N, and others. 2002. Effects of cacao liquor proanthocyanidins on PhlP-induced mutagenesis in vitro, and in vivo mammary and pancreatic tumorigenesis in female Sprague-Dawley rats. Cancer Lett 185(2) 123-130. 

In addition to their possible prooxidant activity (see above) polyphenols and flavonoids may influence cancer cells via their antioxidant properties. Recently, Jang et al. [219] studied cancer chemopreventive activity of resveratrol, a natural polyphenolic compound derived from grapes (Chapter 29). These authors showed that resveratrol inhibited the development of preneoplastic lesions in carcinogen-treated mouse mammary glands in culture and inhibited tumorigenesis in a mouse skin cancer model. Flavonoids silymarin and silibinin also exhibited antitumor-promoting effects at the stage I tumor promotion in mouse skin [220] and manifested antiproliferative effects in rat prostate cancer cells [221]. 

Shih, A. and Holland, E. 2006. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and glial tumorigenesis. Cancer Letters 232(2), 139-147. 

Anderson E (2002) The role of oestrogen and progesterone receptors in human mammary development and tumorigenesis. Breast Cancer Res 4 197... 

A higher mutation rate in response to stress is also supported by data from a study with rats showing that several different types of stress can induce sister chromatid exchange (SCE) in bone marrow cells.78 The processes for repair or removal of damaged DNA are important parts of the initiation events for tumorigenesis, since faulty DNA repair has been associated with an increased incidence of cancer.79... 

Cancer. Only one report was located regarding an association between hexachloroethane and cancer in humans (Selden et al. 1989). In this study a liver tumor was found in an adult male who had used a product containing hexachloroethane at work for 6 years. However, under the conditions of use, the hexachloroethane reacted to form hexachlorobenzene and other chlorinated compounds which were as likely, or more likely, to have contributed to the tumorigenesis as the hexachloroethane. 

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