Calcium pantothenate supplements

Various calcium sails and organic compounds lull into this category of dietary supplements and are frequently used in feeds and foods. Some of the more Important additives include calcium carbonate, calcium glycerophosphate, calcium phosphate (di- and monobasic), calcium pyrophosphate, calcium sulfate, and calcium pantothenate. 

Pantothenic add is stable at room temperature and is one of the most stable B family vitamins. It is not affected by storage at -20 °C for a month (Machlin 1991). The United States Pharmacopeia (USP) standard for pantothenic add is the (7(+)-enantiomer. Commercially available standards often are in the forms of sodium or calcium salts. The calcium salt of pantothenic acid (calcium pantothenate) is often used for fortification in the food and dietary supplement industries. 

Vitamin B5 occurs in three biologically active forms in foods [1] pantothenic acid, coenzyme A (CoA), and acyl carrier protein (ACP). Calcium or sodium pantothenate are the forms generally used as supplements in infant formula [4], The total quantification of vitamin B5 requires the release of pantothenic acid from CoA and ACR Since it consists of pantoic acid linked through an amide linkage to p-alanine, chemical hydrolysis cannot be used. The only alternative to free pantothenic acid from CoA is the digestion with a number of enzymes (pepsin, alkaline phosphatase, pantetheinase) nevertheless, this treatment is unable to release the vitamin from ACP [27,28]. For the extraction of free pantothenic acid from milk and calcium pantothenate from infant formula an acidic deproteination is often used, followed by centrifugation and filtration [29,30]. 

Supplements. Supplements commonly contain pantothenol, a more stable alcohol derivative, which is rapidly converted by humans to pantothenic acid. Calcium and sodium o-pantothenate, the calcium and sodium salts of pantothenic acid, are also available as supplements. ... 

Sources Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorous, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Huoride (1997) Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin 85, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (1998) EHetary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoids (2000) Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc (2001) Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate (2005) and EHetary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D (2011). These reports may be accessed via www.nap.edu A Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) is the highest level of daily nutrient intake that is likely to pose no risk of adverse health effects to almost all individuals in the general population. Unless otherwise specified, the UL represents total intake from food, water, and supplements. Due to a lack of suitable data, ULs could not be established for vitamin K, thiamin, riboflavin, vitamin B12, pantothenic acid, biotin, and carotenoids. In the absence of a UL, extra caution may be warranted in consuming levels above recommended intakes. Members of the general population should be advised not to routinely exceed the UL. The UL is not meant to ply to individuals who are treated with the nutrient under medical supervision or to individuals with predisposing conditions that modify their sensitivity to the nutrient... 

Hazardous Decomp. Prods. Heated to decomp., emits toxic fumes of NOx Storage SI. hygroscopic Uses Antistat in cosmetics medicine pantothenic acid source for pharmaceuticals, multivitamin prods. food additive, nutrient, dietary supplement animal feed additive Regulatory FDA 21CFR 184.1212, GRAS Japan approved (1% max. as calcium) BP, EP compliance... 

Calcium D-pantothenate Cholecalciferol Choline chloride Copper carbonate (ic) Cupric sulfate pentahydrate Ferrous fumarate Magnesium gluconate Magnesium sulfate anhydrous Manganese carbonate Manganese oxide (ous) Manganese sulfate (ous) Menadione DL-Methionine L-Methionine MSG Niacinamide D-Panthenol Potassium iodide Retinol Tocopherol D-a-Tocopherol DL-a-Tocopherol d-o-Tocopheryl acetate animal feed ingredient Casein Com (Zea mays) meal Lactose Sodium sulfate Whey animal feed supplement Ammonium acetate Ammonium perchlorate Calcium phosphate monobasic anhydrous Calcium pyrophosphate Cobalt phosphate (ous)... 

Vitamins, minerals, and electrolytes— Studies have shown that during moderate to severe stresses, more zinc, copper, magnesium, and calcium are lost in the urine. Furthermore, stress results in altered blood levels of vitamins A and C, and of zinc and iron. Also, part of the response to stress includes water and sodium retention, via veisopressin and aldosterone secretion. As for the water-soluble vitamins—thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, pyridoxine (B-6), pantothenic acid, folic acid, and vitamin C stress increases their requirement. However, no dietary recommendations are made for these nutrients for individuals under stressful situations. Still, it seems wise to supply some supplementation before deficiency symptoms appear. 

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