Industrial bypassing

But that s what makes their defense of H202 so interesting. H202 is dirt cheap. The drug companies can t patent it, so it s a threat to the antibiotic industry (it has remarkable antibiotic effects). It s a threat to the heart bypass industry (it will clean arteries of atherosclerotic buildup), and it s a threat to the surgical and chemotherapy cancer treatment industry (combined with radiation, it will rapidly reduce cancer growths with less toxic doses of X-ray). If the FDA runs true to form, it will eventually join its brothers in the drug industry—medicine, the Post Office, and the FTC—and condemn peroxide therapy. 

For many years the usual procedure in plant design was to identify the hazards, by one of the systematic techniques described later or by waiting until an accident occurred, and then add on protec tive equipment to control future accidents or protect people from their consequences. This protective equipment is often complex and expensive and requires regular testing and maintenance. It often interferes with the smooth operation of the plant and is sometimes bypassed. Gradually the industry came to resize that, whenever possible, one should design user-friendly plants which can withstand human error and equipment failure without serious effects on safety (and output and emciency). When we handle flammable, explosive, toxic, or corrosive materials we can tolerate only very low failure rates, of people and equipment—rates which it may be impossible or impracticable to achieve consistently for long periods of time. 

It is impossible to generalize about types of filter to be used. Selection depends on the system, the rate of contamination build-up and the space available. However, a common arrangement is to have a full-flow filter unit before the pump with a bypass filter at some other convenient part of the system. Many industrial systems working below 2000psi can tolerate particles in the order of 25-50 microns with no serious effects on either valves or pumps. 

Figure 3-7 Standard bypass laboratory hood. The bypass air is controlled by the height of the sash. Source N. Irving Sax, Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, 4th ed. (New York ...

For example, as depicted in figure 9.1, an effective security layering approach requires that an adversary penetrate multiple, separate barriers to gain entry to a critical target at a chemical industry facility. As shown in figure 9.1, protection in depth (multiple layers of security) helps to ensure that the security system remains effective in the event of a failure or an intruder bypassing a single layer of security. 

For industrial fertilizer production reliable ammonia concentration data are essential. An experimental setup for acoustic chemometric prediction of ammonia concentration has been tested in a full-scale industrial plant. Figure 9.22 shows a bypass loop with the orifice plate. The acoustic sensor was again mounted onto the orifice plate [5]. To ensure constant differential pressure and temperature of the ammonia flow, two pressure transmitters and one temperature sensor were used. Reference samples were taken at the sample valve shown in Figure 9.22. 

Around the pump proportioners consist of an eductor installed in a bypass line between the discharge and suction of the water pump. A small amount of water passes through the eductor drawing the required quantity of foam concentrate into the system. These systems have limited uses and are not recommended for industrial purposes. 

Figure 24. Scheme of multilamp immersion-type photochemical installation for the photocatalyzed oxidative degradation of industrial waste water [12]. A Bypass circuit. B Reactor circuit. 1 Gas-liquid mixture and injection. 2 Reservoir. 3 Pump (ceramics). 4 Water pump. 5 Heating circuit. 6 Cooling circuit, hv Medium pressure mercury lamps (Pyrex). T Thermometers. 

As research has progressed in this area, many systems have been shown to follow a similar behaviour. Such phenomena are important in the production of enzymes and metabolites. In industrial applications, these very important control mechanisms usually have to be bypassed for the reliable generation of high concentrations of enzymes. Good examples may be seen in carbohydrase production systems,... 

John Wiley and Sons, 1972. A collection of essays describing microbial processes used in Japanese industry for the production of amino acids. Includes examples in which the regulatory mechanisms functioning in most cells have been modified or bypassed. 

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