Butyric 4- -, methyl ester

Transesterification has a number of important commercial uses. Methyl esters of fatty acids are produced from fats and oils. Transesterification is also the basis of recycling technology to break up poly(ethylene terephthalate) [25038-59-9] to monomer for reuse (29) (see Recycling, plastics). Because vinyl alcohol does not exist, poly(vinyl alcohol) [9002-89-5] is produced commercially by base-cataly2ed alcoholysis of poly(vinyl acetate) [9003-20-7] (see Vinyl polymers). An industrial example of acidolysis is the reaction of poly(vinyl acetate) with butyric acid to form poly(vinyl butyrate) [24991-31-9]. 

Acetanilide and maleic acid are condensed to give /3-(p-acetaminoben2oyl)acrvlic acid which is hydrogenated to give methyl- y-(p-aminophenyl)butyrate. That is reacted with ethylene oxide and then with phosphorus oxychloride to give the methyl ester which is finally hy-droly2ed to give chlorambucil. 

The 2-phenyl-2-ethyl-pentane-1,5-diacid-mononitrile-(1) of melting point 72° to 76°C, used as starting material in this process, can be produced for example from o-phenyl-butyric acid nitrile by condensation with acrylic acid methyl ester and subsequent hydrolysis of the thus-obtained 2-phenyl-2-ethyl-pentane-1,5-diacid-monomethyl ester-mononltrile-(l) of boiling point 176° to 185°C under 12 mm pressure. 

Butynoic acid, methyl ester, 55, 76 Butyric acid, thio [Butanethioic acid], 55, 129,131... 

The ability to disperse the calcium soap formed from a given amount of sodium oleate has been studied for a number of a-sulfo fatty acid esters with 14-22 carbon atoms [28,30]. In principle, the lime soap dispersion property increases with the number of C atoms and the dissymmetry of the molecule. Esters with 14 C atoms have no dispersion power and in the case of esters with 15-17 carbon atoms the least symmetrical are the better lime soap-dispersing agents. However this property does not only depend on the symmetry but on the chain length of the fatty acid group. For example, methyl and ethyl a-sulfomyristate have better dispersing power than dodecyl propionate and butyrate. The esters with 18 and more carbon atoms are about equal in lime soap dispersion power. Isobutyl a-sulfopalmitate is the most effective agent under the test conditions. 

R)-(-)-Methyl 3-hydroxybutanoate Butyric acid, 3-hydroxy-, methyl ester, D-(-)-(8) Butanoic acid, 3-hydroxy- methyl ester, (R)- (9) (3976-69-0) [(R)-2,2 -Bls(dlphenylphosphino)-1,1 -binaphthyl]dichlororuthenium Ruthenium, [[1,1 -binaphthalene]-2,2 -diylbis(diphenylphosphine)-P,P ]dichloro- (12) (115245-70-0)... 

DIRECT DEGRADATION OF THE BIOPOLYMER P0LY[(R)-3-HYDR0XY-BUTYRIC ACID] TO (R)-3-HYDR0XY-BUTANOIC ACID AND ITS METHYL ESTER... 

Phenyl C60 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) derivative... 

Acetic acid, butyl ester Acetic acid, pentyl ester Acetic acid, decyl ester Acetic acid, benzyl ester Acetic acid, benzyl ester Acetic acid, 1-cyclohexenyl ester Acetic acid, 3-cyclohexenyl ester Butyric acid, benzyl ester Phenylacetic acid, propyl ester Oleic acid, methyl ester Linoleic acid, methyl ester Linolenic acid, methyl ester Adipic acid, methyl ester Adipic acid, ethyl ester Adipic acid, diethyl ester Adipic acid, dipropyl ester Adipic acid, (methylethyl)ester Adipic acid,... 

The interaction with both synthetic and naturally occurring amino acids has been studied extensively glycine (138, 173, 219-221), a-(173, 219) and /3-alanine (138, 220), sarcosine (219), serine (222), aspartic acid (138, 173, 222-226), asparagine (222), threonine (222), proline (219), hydroxyproline (219), glutamic acid (138, 222-225), glutamine (222), valine (219, 227), norvaline (219), methionine (222, 226), histidine (228, 229), isoleucine (219), leucine (219, 230), norleu-cine (219), lysine (222), arginine (222), histidine methyl ester (228), phenylalanine (138, 222), tyrosine (222), 2-amino-3-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl jpropanoic acid (DOPA) (222), tryptophan (222), aminoiso-butyric acid (219), 2-aminobutyric acid (219,231), citrulline (222), and ornithine (222). 

Methyl 4-(5-methoxy-2-nltrophenyl)-3-oxo-butyrate Benzenebutanoic acid, 5-methoxy-2-nitro-, p-oxo-, methyl ester (12) (130916-41-5)... 

Uses Solvent for nitrocellulose, ethyl cellulose, polyvinyl butyral, rosin, shellac, manila resin, dyes fuel for utility plants home heating oil extender preparation of methyl esters, formaldehyde, methacrylates, methylamines, dimethyl terephthalate, polyformaldehydes methyl halides, ethylene glycol in gasoline and diesel oil antifreezes octane booster in gasoline source of hydrocarbon for fuel cells extractant for animal and vegetable oils denaturant for ethanol in formaldehyde solutions to inhibit polymerization softening agent for certain plastics dehydrator for natural gas intermediate in production of methyl terLbutyl ether. 

Although butyric acid is a foul-smelling substance, its methyl ester, methyl butyrate, is largely responsible for the attractive smell of apples ... 

Another potentially important fermentation is that producing butyric acid. The process is used industrially on only a small scale at present and details have not been disclosed. Many derivatives of butyric acid are used industrially the benzyl, methyl, octyl and terpenyl esters are used in the perfumery and essence trade and amyl butyrate, bornyl and isobornyl butyrates have been described as plasticizers for cellulose esters. Moreover vinyl butyrate is a possible ingredient of polymerizable materials. The mixed acetic and butyric acid esters of polysaccharides are also coming into favor. Cellulose acetate butyrate is marketed as an ingredient of lacquer and is less inflammable than the pure acetate. Dextran (see below) acetate butyrate may have similar uses. 

Butyric acid, 2-methyl, methyl ester Er Butyroin Fr °... 

Butyric acid, methyl ester 10 FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE... 

Methylheptanoic acid has been prepared by mixed electrolysis of / -methylglutaric acid monomethyl ester and butyric acid, followed by saponification of the methyl ester,10 and by the mal-onic ester synthesis from 2-bromohexane.11 The present method7 has the advantage of avoiding the use of secondary bromides, which are often difficult to secure entirely pure.12... 

One of the most promising uses of C60 involves its potential application, when mixed with 7r-conjligated polymers, in polymer solar cells. Most often the so-called bulk heterojunction configuration is used, in which the active layer consists of a blend of electron-donating materials, for example, p-type conjugated polymers, and an electron-accepting material (n-type), such as (6,6)-phenyl-Cgi -butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM, Scheme 9.6).38... 

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