Electron-accepting material

A group of aminoxanthenes, ie, pyra2oloxanthenes, is used as color formers ia pressure or heat-sensitive imaging papers (43). These compounds are colorless, but, upon contact with acidic electron-accepting material, are converted to resonance forms that are lightly colored. An example is stmcture [58294-05-6] (35), which forms upon the condensation of A[,A/-diethyl-y -aminophenol with phthalic anhydride, followed by addition of 6-hydroxyinda2ole ia 80% sulfuric acid (44). 

J. Jacob, S. Sax, T. Piok, E.J.W. List, A.C. Grimsdale, and K. Mullen, Ladder-type pentapheny-lenes and their polymers efficient blue-light emitters and electron-accepting materials via a common intermediate, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 126 6987-6995, 2004. 

One of the most promising uses of C60 involves its potential application, when mixed with 7r-conjligated polymers, in polymer solar cells. Most often the so-called bulk heterojunction configuration is used, in which the active layer consists of a blend of electron-donating materials, for example, p-type conjugated polymers, and an electron-accepting material (n-type), such as (6,6)-phenyl-Cgi -butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM, Scheme 9.6).38... 

The addition of an electron-accepting material, such as iodine, to a polymer is known as oxidative doping because electrons are lost from the polymer. Reductive doping is the process by which an electron-donating material, such as sodium, is added to a polymer. In this case, the polymer gains an electron and becomes negatively charged. 

High yield of charge generation when mixed with electron-accepting materials... 

Rawson J, Stuart AC, You W et al (2014) Tailoring porphyrin-based electron accepting materials for organic photovoltaics. J Am Chem Soc 136(50) 17561-17569... 

Fig. 8.1 Schematic of a bUayer oiganic photovoltaic consisting of an electron-accepting material A overlying an electron-donating film D, sandwiched between two dissimilar electrodes. The hole transporting polymer poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrene sulfonate) or equivalent is often inserted between the D and the anode to assist extraction of holes. The light is incident through the substrate and lower electrode...

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