Butadiene rubber 1,2, poly

Wang S, Huang Y, Cong G (1997) Study on nitrile-butadiene rubber/poly(propylene carbonate) elastomer as coupling agent of poly(vinyl chloride)/poly(propylene carbonate) blends I. Effect on mechanical properties of blends. J Appl Polym Sci 63 1107-1 111... 

Styrene butadiene rubber Poly(butadiene-styrene)... 

Styrene-butadiene rubber Poly(butadiene-styrene) -k4CH2-CH = CH - CR2 CH2- CHk45i CsHs... 

Only types (l)-(4) fall within the scope of this chapter. No further reference will be made to emulsion-polymerized prolybutadiene rubbers, because they are now of little industrial significance relative to the styrene-butadiene rubbers. Poly(vinyl chloride) is discussed elsewhere in this book. Brief reference will also be made in this chapter (Section 15.5) to the production and properties of carboxylated variants of styrene-butadiene rubber latexes. It may also be noted that latexes of rubbery terpolymers of styrene, vinyl pyridine and butadiene, produced by emulsion polymerization, have long been of considerable industrial importance for the specialized application of treating textile fibres (e.g., tyre cords) in order to improve adhesion between the fibres and a matrix of vulcanized rubber in which they are subsequently to be embedded. 

All diene rubbers discussed so far, natural rubber, styrene-butadiene rubbers, poly-butadienes), butyl rubbers, and ethylene-propylene rubbers, consist of aliphatic or aromatic monomeric units. They swell readily in aliphatics they have poor oil resistance. But the free radical copolymerization of acrylonitrile with butadiene leads to what is known as nitrile rubber, which has good oil resistance because of the many polar nitrile groups. However, the rebound elasticity and the low-temperature flexibility decrease with increasing nitrile fraction. Consequently, NBR is mainly used for fuel hoses, motor gaskets, transport belts, etc. 

Styrene-butadiene rubber, poly(butadiene-5tot-styrene). 

Styrne butadiene rubber Poly butadiene-co-styrene Sulfur Poor Poor... 

Goujon LJ et al (2011) Flexible sohd polymer electrolytes based on nitrile butadiene rubber/poly (ethylene oxide) interpenetrating polymer networks containing either LiTFSI or EMITFSI. Macromolecules 44(24) 9683-9691, Available at http //pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ ma201662h. Accessed 22 Feb 2013... 

Lithium bis-(trifluoromethylsulfonyI)imide Methacrylonitrile Multi-walled nanotubes Acrylonitrile butadiene rubber Poly(acryhc add)... 

Poly(ethylene terephtlhalate) Phenol-formaldehyde Polyimide Polyisobutylene Poly(methyl methacrylate), acrylic Poly-4-methylpentene-1 Polyoxymethylene polyformaldehyde, acetal Polypropylene Polyphenylene ether Polyphenylene oxide Poly(phenylene sulphide) Poly(phenylene sulphone) Polystyrene Polysulfone Polytetrafluoroethylene Polyurethane Poly(vinyl acetate) Poly(vinyl alcohol) Poly(vinyl butyral) Poly(vinyl chloride) Poly(vinylidene chloride) Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Poly(vinyl formal) Polyvinylcarbazole Styrene Acrylonitrile Styrene butadiene rubber Styrene-butadiene-styrene Urea-formaldehyde Unsaturated polyester... 

Maleimides Alkyl and aryl maleimides in small concentrations, e.g., 5-10 wt% significantly enhance yield of cross-link for y-irradiated (in vacuo) NR, cw-l,4-polyisoprene, poly(styrene-co-butadiene) rubber, and polychloroprene rubber. A-phenyhnaleimide and m-phenylene dimaleimide have been found to be most effective. The solubihty of the maleimides in the polymer matrix, reactivity of the double bond and the influence of substituent groups also affect the cross-fink promoting ability of these promoters [82]. The mechanism for the cross-link promotion of maleimides is considered to be the copolymerization of the rubber via its unsaturations with the maleimide molecules initiated by radicals and, in particular, by allyfic radicals produced during the radiolysis of the elastomer. Maleimides have also been found to increase the rate of cross-linking in saturated polymers like PE and poly vinylacetate [33]. 

Diene polymers refer to polymers synthesized from monomers that contain two carbon-carbon double bonds (i.e., diene monomers). Butadiene and isoprene are typical diene monomers (see Scheme 19.1). Butadiene monomers can link to each other in three ways to produce ds-1,4-polybutadiene, trans-l,4-polybutadi-ene and 1,2-polybutadiene, while isoprene monomers can link to each other in four ways. These dienes are the fundamental monomers which are used to synthesize most synthetic rubbers. Typical diene polymers include polyisoprene, polybutadiene and polychloroprene. Diene-based polymers usually refer to diene polymers as well as to those copolymers of which at least one monomer is a diene. They include various copolymers of diene monomers with other monomers, such as poly(butadiene-styrene) and nitrile butadiene rubbers. Except for natural polyisoprene, which is derived from the sap of the rubber tree, Hevea brasiliensis, all other diene-based polymers are prepared synthetically by polymerization methods. 

More than 800 million pounds of EPM and EPDM polymers were produced in the United States in 2001. Their volume ranks these materials fourth behind styrene-1,3-butadiene copolymers, poly( 1,4-butadiene), and butyl rubber as synthetic rubbers. EPM and EPDM polymers have good chemical resistance, especially toward ozone. They are very cost-effective products since physical properties are retained when blended with large amounts of fillers and oil. Applications include automobile radiator hose, weather stripping, and roofing membrane. 

PS (polystyrene), PVC [poly(vinyl chloride)], PC (bisphenol A polycarbonate) PMMA [poly (methyl methacrylate)], PB (polybutadiene), SAN (styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer),NBR (acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber), PPE (polyphenylene ether), SBR (styrene-butadiene rubber)... 

TABLE 2. Low Loss Factor Testing Results for Compounded Poly(styrene-butadiene) Rubber"... 

Butadiene is used primarily in the production of synthetic rubbers, including styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), polybutadiene nibber (BR), styrene-butadiene latex (SBL), chloroprene rubber (CR) and nitrile rubber (NR). Important plastics containing butadiene as a monomeric component are shock-resistant polystyrene, a two-phase system consisting of polystyrene and polybutadiene ABS polymers consisting of acrylonitrile, butadiene and styrene and a copolymer of methyl methacrylate, butadiene and styrene (MBS), which is used as a modifier for poly(vinyl chloride). It is also used as an intermediate in the production of chloroprene, adiponitrile and other basic petrochemicals. The worldwide use pattern for butadiene in 1981 was as follows (%) SBR + SBL, 56 BR, 22 CR, 6 NR, 4 ABS, 4 hexamethylenediamine, 4 other, 4. The use pattern for butadiene in the United States in 1995 was (%) SBR, 31 BR, 24 SBL, 13 CR, 4 ABS, 5 NR, 2 adiponitrile, 12 and other, 9 (Anon., 1996b). 

A useful group of rubbers are the stereo specific poly(butadiene) rubbers formed by the polymerization of 1,3-butadiene. These rubbers have a ris-isomer content of more than 30%. They contain at least about 85% of poly(butadiene) formed by 1,4 addition. Further, the rubber should have a second order transition temperature of preferably not higher than -20°C (8). 

Another method of making HIPS is to first dissolve a rubber in the styrene monomer and then to polymerize the monomer. A styrene monomer containing the dissolved poly(butadiene) rubber is flowed into a polymerization, wherein the styrene monomer is polymerized to form a HIPS (7). 

Styrene is one of (he most important aromatic compounds Most styrene production comes from the dehydration of ethyl ben7ctic The mam commercial uses of styrene include poly styrene and various styrene copolymers such a> styrene-butadiene rubber Major styrene producers include Amoco. Dosv, Poster Grant, Monsanto, Shell, Sinclair-Koppers, and Union Carbide Styrene growth should continue to be good... 

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